First English edition published in 2019 by
Gingko
4 Molasses Row
London SW11 3UX
First published in the German by Verlag Herder GmbH in 2018
Copyright © Mouhanad Khorchide and Klaus von Stosch 2019
English language translation copyright © Simon Pare 2019
Mouhanad Khorchide has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988 to be identified as author of this work.
Klaus von Stosch has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988 to be identified as author of this work.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 978–1–909942-36–3
e-ISBN 978–1–909942-37–0
Typeset in Times by MacGuru Ltd
Printed in the United Kingdom
www.gingko.org.uk
@GingkoLibrary
Contents
1 Introduction
2 The State of Christology in the Seventh Century
2.1 The Chalcedon controversy
2.2 A political compromise on dogma
2.3 The Neo-Chalcedonian doctrine of enhypostasis
2.4 Christological debates among non-Chalcedonians
2.5 The Arabian Peninsula as a confluence of heresies?
2.6 The situation in the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century
3 New Developments in Modern Christology
3.1 The starting point of consciousness Christology
3.2 The modern paradigm shift in relational ontology and its impact on Christology
3.3 testing against the historical Jesus
3.4 Multiple incarnations?
4 A Holistic Reading of Surahs 19, 3 and 5 in the Context of a Diachronic Reading of the Qur’ans Verses about Jesus
4.1 Jesus in Surah Maryam
4.1.1 Zachariah and John
4.1.2 Mary and her child
4.1.3 Jesus’s self-image
4.1.4 An anti-Christological intervention in Q 19:34–40?
4.1.5 Further themes in Surah Maryam
4.1.6 Prophetological consolidation in the late Meccan and early Medinan periods
4.2 Surah Al ‘Imran
4.2.1 Prologue (verses 1–32)
4.2.2 Narrative core (verses 33–62)
4.2.3 Religio-political arguments (verses 63–99)
4.2.4 Self-assurance of the Muslim community (verses 100–200)
4.2.5 Jesus crucified?
4.3 Surah al-Māʾida
4.3.1 Structure and themes of the surah
4.3.2 Criticism of any deification of human beings
4.3.3 A break with Christianity?
5 Jesus’s Position in Qur’anic Prophetology (Zishan Ghaffar)
5.1 The early Meccan surahs: eschatological prophecy
5.1.1 Imminent eschatological expectation?
5.2 The middle Meccan surahs: prophetology as a combination of salvation, election and mercy
5.2.1 The new context of the proclamation in the middle Meccan period and its central topoi
5.2.2 The Qur’ans apostolic doctrine in the middle Meccan period
5.2.3 The birth of prophecy out of God’s mercy
5.2.4 Muhammad as Moses redivivus – the consolidation of Qur’anic prophetology in the middle Meccan period
5.3 Late Meccan proph...