MIMO Wireless Communications over Generalized Fading Channels

Brijesh Kumbhani, Rakhesh Singh Kshetrimayum

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9781138033009
• eBook ISBN: 9781351642859
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

MIMO systems have been known to better the quality of service for wireless communication systems. This book discusses emerging techniques in MIMO systems to reduce complexities and keep benefits unaffected at the same time. It discusses about benefits and shortcomings of various MIMO technologies like spatial multiplexing, space time coding, spatial modulation, transmit antenna selection and various power allocation schemes to optimize the performance. Crux of the book is focus on MIMO communication over generalized fading channels as they can model the propagation of signals in a non-homogeneous environment. Relevant MATLAB codes are also included in the appendices. Book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in electronics and wireless engineering specifically interested in electromagnetic theory, antennas and propagation, future wireless systems, signal processing.

1

Introduction to MIMO Systems

CONTENTS

1.1 Evolution of MIMO systems

1.1.1 Higher order modulation schemes

1.1.2 Diversity techniques

1.1.2.1 Selection diversity

1.1.2.2 Equal gain combining

1.1.2.3 Maximal ratio combining

1.2 MIMO system and channel models

1.3 Open loop MIMO systems

1.3.1 Spatial multiplexing

1.3.2 Space time block codes

1.3.3 Spatial modulation

1.4 Closed loop MIMO systems

1.4.1 Power allocation

1.4.2 Transmit antenna selection

1.4.2.1 Selection combining at the receiver

1.4.2.2 MRC at the receiver

1.4.3 Transmit antenna selection based spatial modulation

Marconi is regarded as the father of wireless communications. But there are some articles that regard J. C. Bose to be the inventor of the solid‐state wireless receiver that was used by Marconi in his experiments [1, 10, 98]. Since then, wireless communication technology has been advancing with the advancements of semiconductor devices and highly capable computers. The demand is also increasing at an exponential rate. With commercialization of third generation (3G) wireless technology, the communication systems are no longer limited to mobile phone calls. Wireless systems have expanded their horizons to internet data which generate many folds of data traffic than the voice traffic alone. This led the researchers to find solutions and techniques that enable wireless systems to carry more data per unit bandwidth, i.e., better spectral efficiency. It can be achieved by using higher order modulation schemes but higher order modulation schemes are found to degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of the communication systems because of the reduced separation of constellation points. Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless systems come as a rescue. In wireless communication systems, we define MIMO systems as those systems in which the transmitter and the receiver terminals contain multiple antennas. In this chapter, we describe the need to go for MIMO systems. The following sections will summarize how the communication paradigm shifted from single antenna systems to MIMO systems. It is aimed to make the readers familiar with different channel models being used for the analysis of MIMO systems. And finally, various variants of MIMO systems will be discussed in two broad categories, as open loop MIMO systems and closed loop MIMO systems.

1.1 Evolution of MIMO systems

In this section, we will discuss the paradigm shift from analog communication systems to digital communication systems and from single-input single-output (SISO) systems to MIMO systems. The concept of wireless communication is not modern. There are evidences of passing messages through various sounds and fire alarms even in the era before the sapiens. It may be considered as the beginning of wireless communication (it was not electronic though). It was the carrier less wireless communication. The sequence of different sounds carried different messages. However, it did not make a possibility for people at distance to talk. This was given an electrical form by Morse in the name of Morse code in which each English character was coded using a sequence of dots and dashes. This was a transmission of messages in digital form but without any need to use a career (pulsed communication over wire line). However, the beginning of wireless communications in the form of electromagnetic signals started with analog communication systems using amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). In fact, FM was the globally accepted modulation scheme for first...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction to MIMO Systems
• 2 Generalized Fading Channels
• 3 Spatial Multiplexing
• 4 Spatial Modulation
• 5 Transmit Antenna Selection
• 6 Space Time Block Coded MIMO Systems
• 7 MIMO for 5G Mobile Communications
• A Appendix
• B MATLAB® Codes for Generating Results
• References
• Index