Industrial Power Systems

Shoaib Khan, Sheeba Khan, Ghariani Ahmed

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9780824724436
• eBook ISBN: 9781351837323
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

The modernization of industrial power systems has been stifled by industry's acceptance of extremely outdated practices. Industry is hesitant to depart from power system design practices influenced by the economic concerns and technology of the post World War II period. In order to break free of outdated techniques and ensure product quality and continuity of operations, engineers must apply novel techniques to plan, design, and implement electrical power systems.Based on the author's 40 years of experience in Industry, Industrial Power Systems illustrates the importance of reliable power systems and provides engineers the tools to plan, design, and implement one. Using materials from IEEE courses developed for practicing engineers, the book covers relevant engineering features and modern design procedures, including power system studies, grounding, instrument transformers, and medium-voltage motors. The author provides a number of practical tables, including IEEE and European standards, and design principles for industrial applications. Long overdue, Industrial Power Systems provides power engineers with a blueprint for designing electrical systems that will provide continuously available electric power at the quality and quantity needed to maintain operations and standards of production.

1	Introduction

Based on the author’s 40 years of hands-on experience in many industries, Industrial Power Systems provides the practicing engineer with modern, wide-ranging, and practical information, from the planning and design of electrical supply to electrical installations for industrial power systems. Using materials from IEEE courses developed for practicing engineers (under the banner of the IEEE Montreal Section), this comprehensive book provides a wealth of practical experience in a readable tone.

The book illustrates the importance of power systems, which is sometimes overlooked in practice. A power system is very much like a culture, varying from one type of industry to another in the same manner as traditions vary from one ethnic group to another. Each industry tries to maintain its own traditional practices which were evolved just after World War II. Those practices were influenced by economic constraints, process needs, technology available at that time, and fast growth. Some industries still try to maintain the same traditions when it comes to their power system but keep modernizing in the areas of controls and communications.

The main reason for the present situation is a lack of awareness for a reliable system on the part of power engineers and senior managers. The power system is still treated as a service only and not considered as an essential element to maintain product quality and continuity of operations. Also, the plant power distribution system generally represents a relatively small portion of the entire plant cost (5% to 10%), yet the production and output of the other 90% to 95% of plant investment is dependent on the service delivered by that investment in the power distribution system. The investment will return a profit only if electric power is continuously available in the quantities and of the quality desired.

This book covers the salient engineering features and design procedures, including power system studies, grounding, instrument transformers, medium-voltage meters, and many more topics. Chapters are easy to use and sufficiently detailed to address plant design engineering problems. An exhaustive list of standards and technical papers is also provided for further study.

Long overdue, Industrial Power Systems is a must-have for anyone involved in power engineering, including students, instructors, engineers, and senior management involved in the design and maintenance of power distribution systems.

2	System Planning

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The power system plays an important role in a process plant. The plant operations and production depend on a safe and reliable power system. Each plant power system design, whether new or an expansion to an existing system, must be analyzed to ensure that it is safe, reliable, meets the present objective, and permits expansion for future needs. This chapter outlines the system planning considerations and provides guidelines. References [S1] and [S2] provide guidelines for planning and designing a reliable power system.

2.2 BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

The industrial power system planning and design must include the following considerations at the initial and planning or design stage.

2.2.1 SAFETY OF LIFE

Human life is of utmost importance, and safety shall never be compromised. Electrical codes prescribe minimum installation practices, such as working space, clearance from live parts, minimum protection against overcurrent, etc. Major applicable electrical codes for North America are: National Electrical Code (NEC) [S17], Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) [S18], National Electrical Safety Code, etc. Sometimes states, provinces, or municipalities institute local codes in addition to NEC and CSA. Insurance underwriters such as Factory Mutual institute their standards and guidelines, which are over and above the relevant electrical codes and standards.

Electrical equipment minimum quality standards are prescribed in the standards and guides of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). UL maintains a continuing service in testing and certifying the products of electrical manufacturers, principally those to be used for industrial and commercial applications.

The system planning and design shall include the following to ensure the safety of personnel and preservation of plant property:

• Equipment and installation shall conform to relevant codes and standards.

• Provide adequate working space and safe clearances around the electrical equipment, dead-front equipment for low- and medium-voltage systems, insulated bus and connections for metal-enclosed equipment, and adequate system and equipment grounding.

• Design the system to permit maintenance of equipment and circuits in a de-energized state without plant shutdown.

• Provide fully rated and protected equipment to withstand maximum short-circuit and load currents.

• Provide personnel protective equipment (PPE) such as insulated gloves, fire-retardant or fireproof clothing, and warning signs.

• Provide operations and maintenance instructions, such as built-in wiring and interlocking diagrams.

• Install emergency lighting for the safety and safe exit of personnel during power outage.

2.2.2 R...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Shoaib A. Khan
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 System Planning
• Chapter 3 Power System Studies
• Chapter 4 System Neutral Grounding
• Chapter 5 Power Transformers and Reactors
• Chapter 6 Instrument Transformers
• Chapter 7 Switchgear, Circuit Breakers, and Motor Control Center
• Chapter 8 Station Battery
• Chapter 9 Application and Protection of Medium-Voltage Motors
• Chapter 10 Power and Control Cables
• Chapter 11 Protection
• Chapter 12 High-Voltage Substation Design Considerations
• Chapter 13 Substation Grounding Design Considerations
• Chapter 14 Electrical Aspects of Power Generation
• Chapter 15 Application of Capacitors
• Chapter 16 Impact of Nonlinear Loads on Power System and Equipment
• Index