Szycher's Dictionary of Biomaterials and Medical Devices

Michael Szycher

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780877628828
• eBook ISBN: 9781351411820
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Médecine
• Subtopic: Médecine alternative et complémentaire

This dictionary contains thousands of definitions from various related disciplines and minimizes the need for several dictionaries. The book defines everything from AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) to zymogen (proenzyme). The editor, an internationally recognized expert in the area of biomaterials, has combined knowledge from the fields of medicine, pharmacology, physiology, polymer chemistry, biochemistry, metallurgy, and organic chemistry.

SZYCHER’S
DICTIONARY
OF
BIOMATERIALS
AND
MEDICAL DEVICES

A

A Symbol for absorbance, activity, ampere, Ångstrom, area, MASS NUMBER.

AAMI Abbreviation for the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. An organization with a membership of about 5000 technology developers, users, and managers, who share their knowledge to “improve the development, management, and use of medical technology,” by providing standards on equipment safety, performance, development, and use. AAMI sponsors certification programs for health care engineers and technicians.

Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) A simplified submission permitted for a duplicate of an already approved drug. Intended for products with the same or closely related ingredients, dosage forms, strength, administration route, use, and labeling as a product that has already been shown safe and effective. The ANDA includes information on chemistry and manufacturing controls, but does not have to include data from studies in animals or humans.

Abdomen The portion of the body lying between the thorax and the pelvis.

Abherent (1) Any coating or additive that prevents adhesion of a material to itself or to another material. Additives used for this purpose are often called anti-blocking agents or release agents. Fluorocarbons and silicones are widely used to reduce surface friction. (2) A membrane, film, or coating applied to a substrate to prevent or reduce its adhesion to another substrate brought into intimate contact.

Abietic Acid A major active ingredient of rosin, where it is found in conjunction with other acids. Frequently used as a plasticizer in its many ester derivatives.

Ablation The layer-by-layer decomposition of resins when heated suddenly to very high temperatures. Ablative materials are used to coat surfaces of rockets and missiles to prevent burnout upon reentry.

Ablative Polymers Polymers that isolate underlying structures by decomposing layer by layer. “Teflon” is able to dissipate heat while decomposing to gases and a porous char.

Abrasion Gradual erosion of surfaces by physical forces.

Abrasion Cycle The number of repetitive abrasion motions that a specimen is subjected during an abrasion test.

Abrasion Resistance The fundamental ability of a material to withstand surface rubbing, erosion, or scraping.

Abrasive A finely divided, hard substance, capable of smoothing, cleaning, or polishing surfaces of other substrates.

Abrasive Finishing A method of removing undesired rough edges, flash, gate marks, etc., from molded parts.

ABS Abbreviation for the terpolymer Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene.

Abscess Localized collection of pus, usually due to infection.

Absolute Free from admixtures of other substances, or impurities.

Absolute Specific Gravity The ratio of the weight of a standard volume of a substance to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.

Absolute Temperature The fundamental temperature scale used in theoretical physics and chemistry, expressed in either degrees Kelvin or Rankine.

Absolute Viscosity The tangential force per unit area necessary to move one parallel plate a unit distance, when the planes are filled with a specified fluid.

Absorbent A material capable of incorporating other substances.

Absorption The penetration of one substance into the bulk of another, by molecular or chemical means.

Absorption Peak The wavelength of maximal electromagnetic absorption by a substance. Used to identify compounds, elements, or radicals.

ABS Resins Thermoplastic materials consisting of terpolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene monomers in different proportions. The resins are hard and stiff and not brittle. Used in medical devices where impact resistance, heat resistance, and chemical resistance are important properties being sought.

Accelerated Test Any test procedure where specified conditions are intensified to theoretically reduce the time required to obtain a given deterioration.

Accelerator A substance that hastens a chemical reaction, usually in conjunction with a catalyst, or curing agent. Most widely used in curing thermosets and rubbers. Also called promoters and cocatalysts.

Acetaldehyde CH₃CHO. (ethanal, ethyl aldehyde, acetic aldehyde). A flammable, colorless fluid that reacts with cresol or phenol to form a family of thermosetting resins, or with polyvinyl alcohol to form polyvinyl acetal resins.

Acetal Resins Acetal resins are polymers, generally referred to as polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals, produced by the addition polymerization of aldehydes through the carbonyl groups. The commercial products are stabilized by the esterification, or transesterification, of the hydroxyl end groups. The acetal resins, trade named “Delrin,” “Celcon,” etc., are highly crystalline polymers, among the strongest, and stiffest available thermoplastics, and are thus classified as engineering plastics. Acetal resins are not recommended for use in strongly acidic or basic environments.

Acetate Compounds derived from acetic acid by replacing the acid hydrogen with a metal or radical, so the resultant product contains the acetate radical.

Acetates Generic name for cellulose acetate resins. Commercially important acetates are cellulose acetate, “acetate rayon,” vinyl acetate, and ethyl acetate, used as a solvent.

Acetic Aldehyde See ACETALDEHYDE.

Acetic Ether See ETHYL ACETATE.

Acetone CH₃COCH₃. (dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone). The first member in the ketone homologous series of solvents. Cellulosics, PVC, PVAC, PMMA, PVP, epoxy resins, and certain thermosetting resins are all soluble in this important solvent.

Acetone Extraction A test for phenolic resins, in which the molded or laminated product is immersed in boiling acetone for a specified period of time, to extract acetone-soluble matter.

Acetone Resin A synthetic resin derived from the reaction of acetone with materials such as phenol or formaldehyde.

N-Acetyl Ethanolamine CH₃CONHC₂CH₄OH. (hydroxyethylacetamide). A brown viscous liquid, soluble in alcohol and water. Plasticizer for polyvinyl alcohol and cellulosics; humectant; textile conditioner.

Acetyl Peroxide (CH₃CO)O₂. One of a series of peroxide catalysts, widely used to cross-link pol...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Szycher’s Dictionary of Biomaterials and Medical Devices
• Appendix I Polymers in Medical Applications
• Appendix II Drug-Related Devices Classification
• Appendix III Critical Device (Class III) Listing