It was simpler then
The action in the original Blade Runner takes place in a decaying, polluted, densely populated Los Angeles in November 2019. Early in the film we learn that the Tyrell Corporation had advanced robot evolution into the NEXUS phase. The NEXUS 6 replicants (i.e., synthetic humans) were virtually identical to human beings, but superior in strength and agility, and at least as intelligent as the genetic engineers who created them.4 Replicants were used off-world as slave labour in the hazardous exploration and colonisation of other planets. After a bloody mutiny by a NEXUS 6 combat team in an off-world colony, replicants were declared illegal on earthâunder penalty of death. Special police squadsâblade runner unitsâhad orders to shoot to kill, upon detection, any trespassing replicants. This was not called execution. It was called âretirement.â
Rick Deckard (Harrison Ford) is presented as an exceptionally proficient ex-blade runner who had quit because, as he narrates in the 1982 theatrical release of the film, heâd had âa bellyful of killing.â Nonetheless, thanks to a group of NEXUS 6 replicants who illegally return to earth, he is persuaded (by way of a thinly veiled threat) by his old boss, Capt. Harry Bryant (M. Emmet Walsh) of the LAPD, to resume his former occupation. Deckard succeeds, with considerable difficulty, in killing two of the femalesâZhora (Joanna Cassidy) and Pris (Daryl Hannah). Rachael (Sean Young), a beautiful experimental model replicant (with whom, incidentally, he is falling in love), unexpectedly dispatches a third replicant, named Leon (Brion James), by whom Deckard was being brutally assaulted. That left just one rogue replicant, the leader of the band and the most dangerous one of allâa formidable combat model named Roy Batty (Rutger Hauer)âwho wastes little time in turning the tables on Deckard, making the hunter the hunted. To Deckardâs bafflement, Batty decides to spare him just as Battyâs predetermined four-year lifespan is coming to an end. Having narrowly escaped death, Deckard flees with Rachael, making them fugitives. What would become of them was left uncertain for 35 yearsâuntil, that is, BR2049 appeared to provide a few tantalising details.
Thereâs still a page left
Set 30 years after the events of the original film, BR2049 opens with text that pays homage to the opening crawl in the first film and that serves to contextualise the current state of affairs:
REPLICANTS ARE BIOENGINEERED HUMANS, DESIGNED BY TYRELL CORPORATION
FOR USE OFF-WORLD. THEIR ENHANCED STRENGTH MADE THEM IDEAL SLAVE LABOR
AFTER A SERIES OF VIOLENT REBELLIONS, THEIR MANUFACTURE BECAME
PROHIBITED AND TYRELL CORP WENT BANKRUPT
THE COLLAPSE OF THE ECOSYSTEMS IN THE MID 2020s LED TO THE RISE OF INDUSTRIALIST
NIANDER WALLACE, WHOSE MASTERY OF SYNTHETIC FARMING AVERTED FAMINE
WALLACE ACQUIRED THE REMAINS OF TYRELL CORP AND CREATED A NEW
LINE OF REPLICANTS WHO OBEY
MANY OLDER MODEL REPLICANTSâNEXUS 8s WITH OPEN-ENDED LIFESPANSâSURVIVED.
THEY ARE HUNTED DOWN AND âRETIREDâ
THOSE THAT HUNT THEM STILL GO BY THE NAME âŠ
BLADE RUNNER
We are not told who designed the NEXUS 8 replicants. But in 2022: Black Out, one of three short films dramatising key events in the interim between the stories in the two feature films, we learn that, âWhile the Replicant NEXUS 6 expired in inventory, TYRELL CORP. pushed the series 8 into the local and off-world market. The NEXUS series 8 were purpose-built with a natural lifespan.â However, this enhancement apparently made the NEXUS 8 replicants seem a little too humanlike, and therefore threatening, because we also learn that, âSoon the human supremacy movements began. These angry masses used the Replicant Registration database to identify and kill Replicants.â Led by a NEXUS 8 named Cygnus, the replicants retaliated by triggering a powerful electromagnetic pulse, causing a massive blackout and thereby erasing the Replicant Registration database. We also learn that âThe Blackout, which led to the prohibition of Replicant production, sealed the fate of the TYRELL CORPORATION. It took over a decade for THE WALLACE CORP. to win approval to manufacture a new breed of Replicant.â
In the second short film, 2036: NEXUS Dawn, we learn how Niander Wallace (Jared Leto), the brilliant, blind, megalomaniacal CEO of the eponymous Wallace Corporation, accomplished that feat. Thanks to goodwill engendered by his development of synthetic farming, Wallace is granted a hearing by government officials in which he shocks them by proposing to resume the manufacture of replicants. When they categorically reject the idea, reminding him of the dangers posed by synthetic humans, he reminds them that it is his patents that keep their hunger at bay, and then provides a dramatic demonstration intended to confirm his boast that, âMy replicants will never rebel. They will never run. They will simply obey.â Indeed, the new NEXUS 9 replicants he went on to create seem to be deeply integrated into life in mid-twenty-first century Los Angeles, serving not only as blade runners but also as prostitutes and even, in one case, as a top-level executive in the Wallace Corporation itself (Luv, played by Sylvia Hoeks).
Meanwhile, some NEXUS 8 replicants continue to live clandestinely on earth, their escape from slavery abetted by the Blackout of 2022. In the third short film, 2048: Nowhere to Run, we learn that a NEXUS 8 named Sapper Morton (Dave Bautista) dropped identifying papers when he was drawn into a violent confrontation in Los Angeles after conducting some personal business.5 He beats a hasty exit, but it is clear from the ease by which he dispatches several assailants that he is a replicant. The film ends with a bystander tipping off the police with Sapperâs address.
This is where BR2049 picks up. The filmâs protagonist is K (technically, Officer KD6-3.7, played by Ryan Gosling), a taciturn NEXUS 9 blade runner whose job is to hunt down and kill NEXUS 8 replicants.6 Just before K retires Sapper, the latter cryptically chides his executioner, âYou newer models are happy scraping the shit ⊠because youâve never seen a miracle.â A surface-penetrating scan of the farm reveals a large box buried next to a dead tree containing the bones of a woman who died in childbirth. Subsequent analysis reveals them to be the bones of RachaelâTyrellâs experimental model replicant introduced in the first filmâa shocking discovery because replicants were not supposed to be able to reproduce.7 Kâs superior, LAPD Lt. Joshi (Robin Wright), wants K to find and destroy the child and all evidence of its existence because, she warns, âThe world is built on a wall. It separates kind. Tell either side thereâs no wall, you bought a war. Or a slaughter. So, what you saw ⊠didnât happen.â As she reminds K, her job, and his as well, is to keep order. She worries that if it became widely known that a replicant gave birth, the repressive apartheid system that draws a sharp distinction between humans and replicants would collapse, with chaos and bloodshed ensuing. Upon returning to the farm in search of clues, K notices a date carved into the trunk of the dead treeâ6 10 21. Presuming that the date carved into the tree was the missing childâs birthdate, he or she would now be about 28 years old. K is clearly shaken, although we donât yet know why.
Meanwhile, leak of the discovery of a replicant who gave birth sets off a quest to find Rachaelâs now-grown childâled by Wallace, who (if Deckardâs concern is correct) wants to dissect it and thereby learn how to make procreating replicants with which to populate countless more off-world colonies.8 As he laments, âEvery leap of civilisation was built off the back of a disposable workforce. We lost our stomach for slaves ⊠unless engineered. But I can only make so many.â A third party, Freysa (Hiam Abbass), the one-eyed leader of a new replicant resistance movement, wants to enlist Rachaelâs offspring as a messiah of sorts for her fledgling rebellion, because (she supposes), âIf a baby can come from one of us ⊠we are much more than slaves, we are our own masters.â9
In a series of plot twists involving a memory of a toy horse with the date 6 10 21 carved on its base, K comes to believe that he is Rachaelâs son, and thus wants to find Deckard (whom he believes to be his father) so that he can learn more about Rachael. His subsequent quest for self-discovery becomes the narrative engine of the film. K eventually finds Deckard, learns from Freysa that Rachael had a daughter, and realises that she must be Dr. Ana Stelline (Carla Juri), a subcontractor providing realistic memories for the Wallace Corporationâs replicants. The film ends with K uniting Deckard with the daughter he had never met, and with K (apparently) dying, at peace for having accomplished his mission, on the snow-covered steps of Dr. Stellineâs laboratory.
There are, of course, many more details worth reviewing, a selection of which will be discussed below. But with this broad background in mind we can turn our attention to some of the most important philosophical connections between BR2049 and the works from which it is descended.
Is he real?
First, consider the role of animals in the Blade Runner universe. Philip K. Dickâs Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is set in San Francisco in 1992. Following an unexplained worldwide calamity, âWorld War Terminusâ (probably a cataclysmic nuclear catastrophe), humans healthy enough to do so are encouraged to emigrate to the off-world colonies to preserve the human gene pool. As an incentive, each Ă©migrĂ© is given an andy (an android) as a personal servant. Those left behind are either radiation-induced genetic defectives (such as J. R. Isidore, the inspiration for J. F. Sebastian in the original film), or those (like Rick Deckard) too stubborn to leave. Most animals have perished from the effects of radioactive fallout. The owls were the first to disappear, but most other animals quickly followed. Real animals have become scarce, and are thus expensive to purchase, with the current market price of each listed in the Sidneyâs catalogue. Possessing a real animal, especially a large one, confers significant social status. Many people have to settle for realistic artificial animals, all the while longing for the real thing.
In Dickâs Electric Sheep, Rick Deckard is a freelance bounty hunter hired by the San Francisco Police Department to retire rogue androids. When his real sheep dies of tetanus, he replaces it with an artificial one realistic enough to fool his neighbours. Yet he still longs for a real animal. After Deckard finally retires enough androids (at a rate of $1,000 per kill) to purchase a real Nubian goat, Rachel Rosen, an android with whom he had conducted a brief sexual affair, correctly perceiving that he cared more about his goat than about her, spitefully pushes the animal to its death off the roof of his apartment building.10 Having already decided to get out of the bounty-hunting business, Deckard is distraught until, wandering alone in a desert outside the city, he is delighted t...