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Systems Thinking
Coping with 21st Century Problems
John Boardman, Brian Sauser
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eBook - PDF
Systems Thinking
Coping with 21st Century Problems
John Boardman, Brian Sauser
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About This Book
By examining the links and interactions between elements of a system, systems thinking is becoming increasingly relevant when dealing with global challenges, from terrorism to energy to healthcare. Addressing these seemingly intractable systems problems in our society, Systems Thinking: Coping with 21st Century Problems focuses on the inhere
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Information
1
chapter
one
Perspectives
1.1
If
You
Leave
Me
Now
Should.the.United.States.pull.out.of.Iraq?.Or.should.we.stay?.On.April.9,.2003,.
Saddam.Hussein’s.government.lost.control.of.Iraq.as.U
.S.
.forces.advanced.
into.the.center.of.its.capital
.
.In.a.symbolic.moment,.U
.S.
. soldiers. helped. a.
cheering.crowd.of.Iraqi.citizens.pull.down.a.giant.statue.of.the.ousted.presi-
dent.
.After.only.a.few.weeks.of.fighting.following.the.first.missile.attacks.
on. the. city. it. seemed. as. though. the. war. was. settled. and. over
.
. On. May. 1,.
President.Bush.formally.announced.an.end.to.the.major.combat.operations,.
declaring.that.the.United.States.had.prevailed.in.Iraq
.
.However,.he.warned.
that.“difficult.work”.lay.ahead
.
Less. than. 3. months. later. the. head. of. U
.S.
.military.operations.acknowl-
edged.that.attacks.on.the.occupying.U
.S.
.troops.bore.the.hallmarks.of.a.clas-
sic.
guerrilla-type.
campaign
.
.
On.
August.
19,.
a.
huge.
bomb.
demolished.
the.
United. Nations.
headquarters. in. Baghdad,. killing. twenty.
people
.
. It. was. a.
suicide.attack,.and.a.number.of.international.agencies.decided.to.pull.their.
staff.out.of.the.capital
.
.November.2.saw.a.Chinook.helicopter.shot.down.by.
insurgents,.killing.fifteen.U
.S.
.soldiers.and.wounding.twenty-one.more
.
.On.
December.13,.Saddam.Hussein.was.found.in.a.cellar.of.a.farmhouse.near.his.
hometown.of.Tikrit.by.U
.S.
.soldiers
.
.It.is.an.early.Christmas.present,.bring-
ing.hope.of.a.timely.end.to.the.insurgence,.violence,.and.disruptions.to.a.
process.of.peaceful.transition.to.Iraqi.democracy
.
.It.is.a.false.hope
.
.In.2004,.
849.U
.S.
.soldiers.are.killed.and.a.further.8,002.wounded
.
.The.year.is.long.
and.bloody
.
.The.targets.widen
.
.On.March.2,.180.Iraqi.Shias.are.massacred.
in.the.cities.of.Karbala.and.Baghdad.as.they.seek.to.celebrate.the.climax.of.
a.holy.ritual
.
The.following.year.gets.off.to.an.ominous.beginning
.
.On.January.20,.an.
audiotape. apparently. made. by. one. of. the. insurgency. leaders,. Abu. Masab.
al-Zarqawi,.warns.the.fight.against.U
.S.-led
.forces.could.continue.for.years
.
.
The.tape,.posted.on.an.Islamist.Web.site,.denounces.Shia.Muslims.for.fight-
ing.alongside.U
.S.
.troops.in.Iraq
.
.A.report.issued.in.July.2005.estimates.more.
than.twenty-five.thousand.Iraqi.citizens.have.been.killed.since.the.start.of.
the.war.in.2003
.
.Based.on.media.reports,.the.dossier.attributes.one-third.of.
these.deaths.to.U
.S.-led
.forces
.
.One.month.later,.one.thousand.Shia.pilgrims.
are.killed.in.a.stampede.in.northern.Baghdad
.
.Panic.spreads.alongside.the.
rumors.of.suicide.bombers.in.their.midst
.
.It.is.the.largest.loss.of.life.in.a.sin-
gle.incident.since.the.invasion
.
.December.15.saw.a.huge.turnout.for.voting.