Oral Medicine & Pathology from A-Z

Henning Lehmann Bastian

• Publisher: Books on Demand
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN:
  9788771454741
• eBook ISBN:
  9788771706727
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Medical Theory, Practice & Reference

"Oral Medicine and Pathology from A-Z" is an important part of the image of the dentist as a medical practitioner. I have attempted to describe the individual disorders briefly following the same concept: definition, aetiology, symptoms, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and differential diagnoses. In some cases, there is a slight overlap, so a disorder is referred to twice under different names.I have included extensive images that will facilitate the clinician's ability to perform rapid diagnostics, but also fulfill some colleagues' desire for illustration of the various disorders of the patient.It is my hope that the book's form using text and associated images in the same spread will facilitate the use of the book by clinicians and that it will become an indispensable part of the clinic's library.

1. Abrasio dentium

Definition: Wear of enamel/dentin caused otherwise than by tooth contact.

Aetiology: Abrasion has a variable pattern, depending on the cause of the wear. Typically toothbrush damage at the transition between enamel and dentine Fig. 1.1. Abrasion is also seen on the incisal edge e.g. after use of the teeth to hold pins, wire, nails etc.. There is also the well-known abrasion from the mouthpiece in habitual pipe smokers Fig. 1.2. Sustained use of toothpicks may result in atypical approximal wear.

Symptoms: Since abrasion develops over a long time there is seldom dentine hypersensitivity, due to the formation of secondary dentine.

Clinical features: It is easy to recognise the damage by ordinary visual examination. Fig. 1.3.

Diagnosis: The diagnosis is performed clinically

Treatment: The treatment will be the correction of the unfortunate dental care habits and conservative dentistry, possibly reconstruction.

Differential diagnosis: Erosions.

Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.3.

2. Abscessus parodontalis

Definition: An abscess has occurred in an existing periodontal pocket.

Aetiology: The abscess occurs when the degradation of the bone around a tooth has resulted in the formation of a deep periodontal pocket, and the secretion of pus from it is blocked. Through the closure of the pocket pus accumulates and an abscess forms. The condition can also result from changes in the bacterial flora in the pocket, an impaired immune system or a combination of these factors. Most frequently seen in adults. In children, it can be seen in cases of cutting of teeth.

Symptoms: Strong throbbing pain, aggravated by chewing and pressure on the tooth. Causes bad breath. In acute cases there is swelling and tenderness of proximal lymph nodes and fever. The responsible tooth can be easily identified and in addition to the pain the tooth is often loose to a greater or lesser degree.

Clinical features: Gums are erythematous and oedematous with a raised red surface. By probing into the pocket the pus can be expressed. Fig.2.1.

Diagnosis: The diagnosis can be performed clinical, radiological and possibly by swab.

Treatment: The acute treatment includes incision, drainage and antibiotic therapy. The further treatment may take the form of extraction, or parodontal surgical intervention in order to preserve the tooth.

Differential diagnosis: Pyogenic granuloma. Apical abscess. Gingiva cyst.

Fig. 2.1.

3. Abscessus periapikalis

Definition: An abscess has occurred in the root tip of an avital tooth.

Aetiology: Pulp necrosis. The chronic periapical process can develop into a parulis or radicular cyst.

Symptoms: The chronic form is asymptomatic. The acute form is particularly characterized by pain.

Clinical features: Submucosal swelling and possibly fluctuation produces a tooth abscess, parulis Fig.3.1. The vast majority of dental abscesses perforate the cheek. In the upper jaw they can also perforate the palate Fig.3.2. In the molars in the lower jaw, in rare cases, the development of a gravity abscess can be seen with the risk of airway obstruction, requiring hospitalisation. The unilateral maxillary sinusitis almost always comes from a tooth root. If a patient develops an abscess at the lower pole of the tonsil it may come from the wisdom tooth on the same side. In rare cases osteomyelitis may develop, Fig.3.3.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis is performed on the clinical, radiological image and possibly swab.

Treatment: The tooth abscess incised and drainage maintained for a few days. There is trepanning of the tooth pulp and a drain is created. Similarly antibiotic therapy is commenced, often 2-drug therapy. Root canal treatment or removal of the tooth.

Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.2.

Fig. 3.3.

4. Acromegalia

Definition: Extra growth of the face, hands and feet after epiphyseal closure.

Aetiology: Overproduction of growth hormone, most often due to a pituitary adenoma.

Symptoms: Headache, hypertension, heart disease, hyper- hidrosis, arthritis and peripheral neuropathy. Typically, an enlargement of the head - the patient has to wear a larger hat. The nose, lips, zygomatic arch and eyebrows also grow. Intraorally that is growth of the maxilla and especially mandible with progenism as a result. Spreading of the teeth, often exacerbated by the pressure from the enlarged tongue.

Clinical features: The clinical features will be characterised by the above symptoms. A prognathic mandible and...

Table of contents

• Foreword
• About the Author
• Table of Contents
• 1. Abrasio dentium
• 2. Abscessus parodontalis
• 3. Abscessus periapikalis
• 4. Acromegalia
• 5. Actinomycosis cervico-facialis
• 6. Acute necrotizing gingivitis
• 7. Adenoma pleomorphicum
• 8. AIDS and HIV
• 9. Amalgam tattoo
• 10. Ambustio
• 11. Ameloblastoma
• 12. Amelogenesis imperfecta
• 13. Amyloidosis
• 14. Anaemia perniciosa
• 15. Anaemia sideropenica
• 16. Aneurysmal bone cyst
• 17. Aphthous stomatitis
• 18. Aplasia dentis
• 19. Arthritis – Rheumatoid arthritis
• 20. Arthrosis
• 21. Atrofia processus alveolaris
• 22. Attrition
• 23. Bad breath, foetor ex ore, halitosis
• 24. Behcet's syndrome
• 25. Bells palsy
• 26. Benign mucous membrane pemfigoid (Pemfigoidea)
• 27. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BON)
• 28. Burkitt's tumour
• 29. Burning Mouth Syndrome
• 30. Calculus dentalis
• 31. Cancer Linguae
• 32. Candidiasis oralis
• 33. Carcinoma adenocysticum
• 34. Caries dentium
• 35. Cementoma
• 36. Cheilitis angularis
• 37. Cheilognathopalatoscisis
• 38. Chondrodystrofia calcificans congenita
• 39. Chondroma
• 40. Chondrosarcoma
• 41. Condyloma acuminatum
• 42. Cysts, intrabony jaw cysts
• 43. Cystis dermoides
• 44. Cystis haemorragica
• 45. Cystis mucosae oris
• 46. Cystis nasolabialis
• 47. Deformatio radicis
• 48. Dens in dente (dens invaginatus)
• 49. Dental fluorosis
• 50. Dentes aggregati
• 51. Dentes concreti
• 52. Dentes confusi
• 53. Dentes decidui persistentes
• 54. Dentes geminati
• 55. Dentes supernumerarii
• 56. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
• 57. Dentitio difficilis
• 58. Dentitio tarda
• 59. Denture-related mucosal disease
• 60. Dermatitis herpetiformis
• 61. Discoloratio dentis
• 62. Discoloratio mucosae oris
• 63. Dysostosis cleidocranialis
• 64. Dysplasia ectodermalis
• 65. Dysplasia fibrosa
• 66. Emphysema subcutaneum iatrogenica
• 67. Epstein's pearls
• 68. Epulis fibromatosum
• 69. Epulis gravidarum
• 70. Erythema multiforme exudativum
• 71. Erythroplakia mucosae oris
• 72. Fibroma
• 73. Fibromatosis gingivae
• 74. Fibrosarcoma
• 75. Fistula
• 76. Fordyce's spots
• 77. Frenulum anomale labii superioris
• 78. Frenulum anomale linguae
• 79. Gingivitis
• 80. Gingivitis hyperplastica
• 81. Gingivitis nekroticans
• 82. Glossitis rhombica mediana
• 83. Gorlins syndrome
• 84. Granuloma pyogenicum
• 85. Haemangioma
• 86. Haematoma
• 87. Hairy tongue
• 88. Herpes Zoster
• 89. Herpetic gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis
• 90. Hyperplasia epitelialis focalis
• 91. Hyperplasia mucosae oris
• 92. Hypertrofia musculus masseterica
• 93. Hypoplasia enameli externa
• 94. Hypoplasia enameli interna
• 95. Jaw diseases, odontogenic tumours
• 96. Keratoacantoma
• 97. A. Leiomyoma/B. Leiomyosarcoma
• 98. Leukaemia
• 99. Leukoedema
• 100. Leukoplakia mucosae oris
• 101. Lichen ruber planus oralis
• 102. Lingua crenata (lingua indentata)
• 103. Lingua fissurata
• 104. Lingua geografica
• 105. Lipoma
• 106. Lupus erythematosus, discoid
• 107. Lymphangioma
• 108. Lymphoma malignant (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)
• 109. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
• 110. Morbus Osler
• 111. Morsicatio buccarum
• 112. Mouth cancer (Cancer in cavum oris)
• 113. Multiple myeloma
• 114. Myoblastoma granulare
• 115. Myxoma odontogenica
• 116. Naevus albus spongiosus: (White sponge naevus)
• 117. Neurofibromatosis
• 118. Neutropenia cyclica
• 119. Ossifying fibroma
• 120. Osteoma
• 121. Osteomyelitis
• 122. Papilloma
• 123. Pemphigus
• 124. Perimylolysis
• 125. Periodontitis (periodontal disease)
• 126. Quincke's oedema
• 127. Ranula
• 128. Sarcoidosis
• 129. Scleroderma
• 130. Sequestrum
• 131. Sialolithiasis
• 132. Smoker's palate (stomatitis nicotina palati)
• 133. Steven-Johnson syndrome
• 134. Stomatitis aphtosa recurrens cicatricicans
• 135. Stomatitis e radiatione
• 136. Thrombocytopenia
• 137. Torus mandibularis
• 138. Torus palatinus
• 139. Tumor mucoepidermoides
• 140. Wegener's granulomatosis
• 141. Wisdom teeth (pericoronitis)
• 142. Xerostomia (dry mouth)
• 143. Other specialties
• Electronic literature search
• Diagnostic tree from A to D
• Copyright