Carbohydrates in Drug Discovery and Development

Synthesis and Application

Vinod K. Tiwari

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780128166758
• eBook ISBN: 9780128166765
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Organic Chemistry

Carbohydrates in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Applications examines recent and notable developments in the synthesis, biology, therapeutic, and biomedical applications of carbohydrates, which is considered to be a highly promising area of research in the field of medicinal chemistry. Their role in several important biological processes, notably energy storage, transport, modulation of protein function, intercellular adhesion, malignant transformation, signal transduction, viral, and bacterial cell surface recognition formulate the carbohydrate systems to be an exceedingly considerable scaffold for the development of new chemical entities of pharmacological importance. In addition to their easy accessibility, high functionality and chiralpool characteristics are the few additional fascinating structural features of carbohydrates, which further enhance their utilities and thus they have been able to attract chemists and biologists toward harnessing these properties for the past several decades.This book covers an advanced aspect of carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding, starting with a general introduction followed by a detailed discussion about the impact of diverse carbohydrate-containing molecules of great therapeutic values and their impact on drug discovery and development. The topics covered in this book include the significance of heparin mimetics as the possible tools for the modulation of biology and therapy, chemistry and bioactivities of C-glycosylated compounds, inositols, iminosugars, KDO, sialic acids, glycohybrids, macrocycles, plant oligosaccharides, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer vaccines, antibiotics, and more.- Presents a practical and detailed overview of a wide range of carbohydrate systems including KDO, sialic acids, inositols, iminosugars, etc relevant for drug discovery and development- Highlights the use of functionalized carbohydrates as synthons for the construction of various systems- Covers recent developments in the synthesis of various glycohybrid molecules and vaccines- Highlights the significance of heparin mimetics as tools for the modulation of biology- Provides an impact of glycan microarrays and carbohydrate– protein interaction

Chapter One

Recent trends and challenges on carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding: general consideration toward impact of carbohydrates in drug discovery and development

Nidhi Mishra^a

Vinod K. Tiwari^a

Richard R. Schmidt^b
a Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
^b Department of Chemistry, Universitat Konstanz, Germany

Abstract

Carbohydrates, the structural building blocks of genetic materials and vital source of energy, are integral part of the living cells as they play important roles in biological system, particularly in cellular and intracellular interactions. Since long back, a number of simple carbohydrates and their derivatives are used clinically for the successful treatment of various diseases. In addition to the structural diversity in carbohydrates (in terms of functional groups, linkages as well rings system), other important features such as hydrophilicity, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioavailability required to provide the optimum pharmacokinetics are truly inspiring. Thus, due to their prospective as drug molecules, pharmaceutical and diagnostic tool, they stimulate the medicinal chemists to explore them in order to get the diverse well-defined eccentric glycoconjugates for their complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This chapter highlights the impact of diverse carbohydrates and their derivatives in drug discovery and development with their future perspectives.

Keywords

antibiotics

carbohydrates

carbo-click

carbohydrate-protein interaction

drug development

glycoconjugates

glycomicroarrays

heparins

inositols

iminosugars

natural products

sialic acid

vaccine

1. Introduction

Design and synthesis of novel compounds having desired pharmacological traits is the main target of drug discovery. In this aspect, molecular scaffolding has been emerged as the most efficient way for designing of potential drug candidates. Molecular scaffold, a distinguished and one of the most imperative notions in medicinal chemistry, is defined as the core structure of a molecule with preferable bioactive properties.¹ Carbohydrates, being a biologically important class of molecules, provide a suitable choice for drug discovery. The exceptional advantages associated with this class of molecules make them appropriate for molecular scaffolding. Carbohydrates are the most abundant and easily a...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Foreword
• Preface
• Abbreviations
• Chapter One: Recent trends and challenges on carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding: general consideration toward impact of carbohydrates in drug discovery and development
• Chapter Two: Heparin mimetics as tools for modulation of biology and therapy
• Chapter Three: Bioactive C-glycosides inspired from natural products towards therapeutics
• Chapter Four: 3-Deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) derivatives in antibacterial drug discovery
• Chapter Five: Sialic acid-containing molecules in drug discovery and development
• Chapter Six: Glycan microarray: Toward drug discovery and development
• Chapter Seven: Recent developments in the synthesis of biologically relevant inositol derivatives
• Chapter Eight: Iminosugars
• Chapter Nine: Carbohydrate-protein interactions: Enhancing multivalency effects through statistical rebinding
• Chapter Ten: Carbo-click in drug discovery and development: Opportunities and challenges
• Chapter Eleven: Glycohybrid molecules in medicinal chemistry: Present status and future prospective
• Chapter Twelve: Biologically active carbohydrate-containing macrocycles
• Chapter Thirteen: Carbohydrate-based antibiotics: Opportunities and challenges
• Chapter Fourteen: Carbohydrate-based anti-bacterial and anti-cancer vaccines
• Chapter Fifteen: Opportunity of plant oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in drug development
• Chapter Sixteen: N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugates: Delivering oligonucleotide drugs to the liver
• Index