Wheat and Barley Grain Biofortification

Om Prakash Gupta, Vanita Pandey, Sneh Narwal, Pradeep Sharma, Sewa Ram, Gyanendra Pratap Singh

• Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780128184448
• eBook ISBN: 9780128184455
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Landwirtschaft

Wheat and Barley Grain Biofortification addresses topics associated with the alleviation of malnutrition in globally diverse populations via wheat and barley biofortification. The book synthesizes the current trends of malnutrition across the globe, the need for wheat and barley nutritional enhancement and how agronomic, microbial and molecular understanding of biofortification can help in devising significant approaches and strategies. In addition, it includes discussions on potential genetic variability available and their efficient utilization in wheat and barley for molecular breeding for nutrients, challenges and opportunities for bioavailability, and technical advancement for analysis of bioavailability.- Addresses the need for wheat and barley biofortification to address global nutrition demands- Places emphasis on the current agronomic and molecular understanding of biofortification- Discusses the potential utilization of genetic variability- Highlights the economics of biofortification over fortification technology

1

The unacceptable status quo: malnutrition challenges of the developed and developing world

Jaya Jumrani^*

Vikalp N. Rai ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi, India

Abstract

Malnutrition has huge costs associated with it and the global economic costs range from USD 2 to USD 3 trillion annually. Non-economic costs involved are real but are not estimable. Globally, malnutrition is responsible for one in every five deaths. Different forms of malnutrition affect almost all the countries, irrespective of their economic status, geographic location, levels of food security, and population growth. As high as 11% of the global population is undernourished and most of them live in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The developed world is mainly grappling with overnutrition burden. On the other hand, many developing nations are dealing with the triple burden of malnutrition. Addressing all of these challenges across regions requires a multi-pronged strategy that should span across disciplines and sectors. It calls for innovations and interventions across agriculture, health, educational and environmental domains besides encouraging behavioral changes among the vulnerable populations.

Keywords

malnutrition

undernutrition

overnutrition

DALYs

micronutrient deficiencies

India

Chapter outline

• Charting the trends in malnutrition across the globe
  • Status of malnutrition in developed regions
  • Status of malnutrition in developing regions
• Malnutrition challenges across South Asia
• Trends in status of malnutrition among Indian population
• Lessons learnt and way forward
• Disclaimer
• References

Charting the trends in malnutrition across the globe

Nutrition is one of the potentially strongest amendable factors in the well-being and health of an individual at any stage of his/her life. It is responsible for both the prevention and cure of major causes of morbidity and mortality among all populations. In the recent times, diverse modern food environments have put complex demands on each individual to enjoy optimal nutrition and remain healthy (Vorster, 2009). Malnutrition is a complex health as well as socioeconomic concern having multiple forms. It is often accompanied with both communicable and non-communicable disease (NCD) burdens. Different forms of malnutrition affect almost all the countries irrespective of their economic status, geographic location, levels of food security and population growth. All these factors exert respective independent influences on an individual’s as well as a nation’s nutritional situation (Guldan, 2019).

Hunger and malnutrition (which includes both overnutrition and undernutrition) still affect billions of people globally despite the existence of all-time record high levels of food production. Nutritional inequalities are quite evident in both the developed and developing worlds. These, however, are often witnessed more in case of people residing in the developing countries. These inequities depict the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), which is the ironic coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Both of these can manifest either at personal, household or demographic levels (Perez-Escamilla et al., 2018). Hunger and malnutrition have traditionally been considered equivalent to a lack of food. It has now been recognized that these can also emerge due to low-quality diets. The key nutrient needs of a human body can be met by high-quality diets consisting of nutrient-rich foods.

Dietary balance and optimal nu...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Editors biography
• Foreword
• Preface
• 1: The unacceptable status quo: malnutrition challenges of the developed and developing world
• 2: Role of molecular approaches in improving genetic variability of micronutrients and their utilization in breeding programs
• 3: Getting more micronutrients from wheat and barley through agronomic biofortification
• 4: Anti-nutritional factors and bioavailability: approaches, challenges, and opportunities
• 5: A decade of progress on genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron in CIMMYT wheat germplasm
• 6: Biofortification of wheat through wide hybridization and molecular breeding
• 7: Exploring genetic variability for developing celiac disease safe wheat
• 8: Prospecting plant–microbe interactions for enhancing nutrient availability and grain biofortification
• 9: Effect of storage and processing conditions on nutrient composition of wheat and barley
• 10: Advantage of biofortification over fortification technologies
• 11: Barley biofortification: present status and future prospects
• 12: Barley grain beta glucan enrichment: status and opportunities
• 13: Biofortification for enhancing nutritional outcomes and policy imperatives
• Index