Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention

Victor R Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson, Victor R. Preedy

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2020
• eBook ISBN: 9780128216101
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Food Science
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, Second Edition investigates the benefits of nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention using an organizational style that will provide easy-access to information that supports identifying treatment options and the development of symptom-specific functional foods. This book examines seeds and nuts as agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions and explores the impact of compositional differences between various seeds and nuts, including differences based on country of origin and processing technique. Finally, the book includes methods for the analysis of seed and nut-related compounds.Written for nutrition researchers, nutritionists, food scientists, government regulators of food, and students of agriculture, oils and feeds, nutrition and life sciences, this book is sure to be a welcomed resource.- Identifies options and opportunities for improving health through the consumption of nut and seed products- Provides easy access to information that supports the identification of treatment options- Contains insights into health benefits that will assist in development of symptom-specific functional foods- Examines seeds and nuts as agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions- Explores the impact of compositional differences between various seeds and nuts, including differences based on country of origin and processing technique- Includes methods for analysis of seed and nut-related compound

IV

Nuts and Seeds in Disease Prevention and Therapy

Outline

Chapter 20. Lepidium sativum Seeds: Therapeutic Significance and Health-Promoting Potential

Chapter 21. The Effects of Nuts on Metabolic Diseases and Disorders

Chapter 22. Tea (Camellia oleifera) Seeds: Use of Tea Seeds in Human Health

Chapter 23. Effect of Nigella sativa on Blood Diseases: A Review

Chapter 24. Dermatological Effects of Nigella sativa and Its Constituent, Thymoquinone: A Review

Chapter 25. Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Seeds in Health

Chapter 26. Potential Role of Seeds From India in Diabetes

Chapter 27. Lupine Seeds (Lupinus spp.): History of Use, Use as An Antihyperglycemic Medicinal, and Use as a Food Plant

Chapter 28. Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Seed Proteins and Peptides

Chapter 29. Use of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Seeds in Human Therapeutics

Chapter 30. Milk Thistle Seeds in Health

Chapter 20

Lepidium sativum Seeds

Therapeutic Significance and Health-Promoting Potential

Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan ¹ , and Hesham F. Oraby ^{2 1} Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt ² Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

Abstract

Garden cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.), belong to Brassicaceae family, is a fast-growing, edible annual herb and considered as an important medicinal plant and widely grown in several countries. L. sativum seeds, oil, and powder contain high levels of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and fibers, which are incorporated in novel beverages and foods. In Ayurveda, L. sativum is considered as hot, bitter, galactogogue, and aphrodisiac and claimed to prevent Vata and Kapha. L. sativum seed is a good source of phenolics, amino acids, and used as a novel source of hydrocolloids. Seed extracts exhibited strong shear-thinning behavior and are used a substitute for gum arabica. L. sativum seed oil has a balanced amount of poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. L. sativum seed oil contains natural antioxidants including tocols, sterols, carotenoids, and eugenol that help in the protection of oil rancidity. Clinical trials were carried out on the experimental animals to support the efficacy of L. sativum seeds. Seed extracts have been screened for various biological traits like hypotensive, antimicrobial, bronchodilator, hypoglycemic, and allelopathic, whereas its seed coat mucilage has been isolated to make it excipient of desired functionality as a part of pharmaceuticals. Through this article, the readers will get valuable information about L. sativum chemical composition, functional properties, pharmacological profile, and health-promoting applications.

Keywords

Alkaloids; Antimicrobial; Fatty acids; Flavonoids; Garden cress; Health-promoting effects

List of Abbreviations

Ach Acetylcholine

ALA α-Linolenic acid

DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

ICBN International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

ICNCP International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acids

PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids

STZ Streptozotocin

Introduction

Brassicaceae is one of the largest plant families consisting of about 300 genera and 1500 species, which includes vegetable crops and medicinal plants. The genus Lepidium comprises of several species. ^1–3 Lepidium sativum Linn. is an annual herb native to Egypt and west Asia and presently it is cultivated worldwide. ⁴ L. sativum is known in some regions as pepper grass, garden cress, garden pepper cress, pepperwort, or poor man's pepper. ^{3 , 5 , 6} Different Arabic names, such as Hurf, Rashad, and Thuffa, have been given to L. sativum in Arab countries. ^{7 , 8}

L. sativum is an erect, fast-growing, glabrous, herbaceous plant growing up to 15–45 cm in height. Seeds, leaves, and roots of L. sativum are of economic importance; however, the plant is mainly cultivated for seeds to obtain mucilage. The leaves are used in salad. ⁹ The Romans and ancient Egyptians were known to eat L. sativum for health-promoting benefits. ¹⁰ L. sativum is documented as an official herb in the Indian Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. ^{4 , 11 , 12} L. sativum is recognized in European communities as Herba Lepidii Sativi, and its consumption has increased in the European Union countries for its diuretic impact, as a stimulant of bile function and as a cough reliever. ^{13 , 14} In Arab countries, the plant is used in traditional medicine for multiple applications. ^15–17

Each part of L. sativum possesses several pharmacological usages. The leaves, roots, and seeds of L. sativum are used traditionally, wherein the impact of seeds on fracture healing...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• I. Overview and General Themes
• II. Role of Seeds in Nutrition and Antioxidant Activities
• III. Fungal Infections on Seeds and Nuts and Health
• IV. Nuts and Seeds in Disease Prevention and Therapy
• V. Extracts From Nuts and Seeds in Health
• Index