Advanced Hematology in Integrated Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine

Volume 3

Anika Niambi Al-Shura

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780128175729
• eBook ISBN: 9780128175736
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Biology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Advanced Hematology in Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine, volume three in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, systematically observes and discusses laboratory tests which detect heart diseases and analyzes the results. It includes coverage of red and white blood cell homeostasis and advanced anatomy and physiology of the vascular system, including the biomedicine perspectives of blood and lymphatic system, and TCM perspectives of essence, qi, blood and body fluid. In addition, the book examines the immune system from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine, including pestilential differentiation. Case studies, lab charts and laboratory differentials according to Chinese and Western medicine perspectives are also included.Finally, the book discusses the use of lab results for assisting and/or confirming diagnoses of blood and cardiovascular disorders in both Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine. This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base to guide clinical practice and encourage collaboration.- Compares medical theories in Chinese medicine and Western medicine on blood, immune system and cardiovascular diseases- Provides laboratory cases, tests and values concerning pathology of the blood and the cardiovascular system necessary for diagnosing and monitoring within integrative cardiovascular Chinese medicine- Includes coverage of advanced level blood, complement and immune systems from both Western and Chinese medicine perspectives

Section III

Perspectives on the immune system

Outline

6. Leukocytes

7. Lymphocytes

8. Pestilential differentiation

9. Six stages

10. The four levels

6

Leukocytes

Abstract

The immune system as explained in integrative cardiovascular Chinese medicine includes the various leukocytes of the mononuclear phagocyte system and the zang/fu organs involved in the first and second lines of defense of Wei qi.

Keywords

Mononuclear phagocyte system; Zang/fu organs; Wei qi

Chapter Objectives:

1. Introduce the mononuclear phagocyte system as the defensive qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2. Introduce the zang and fu organs on wei qi in traditional Chinese medicine and the immunological pathways.

Mononuclear phagocyte system

In the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) phagocytes are monocytes and macrophages. Mononuclear phagocytes and macrophages are two different types of cells within this system. Their life span is about 48 hours for monocytes and months to years for macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages are found in the connective tissue of the reticuloendothelial system: spleen, liver histiocytes, Kupffer cells, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. In Chinese medicine, the zang and fu organs of Wei qi, which is a defensive qi of the immune system, are also part of the MPS and include the spleen, liver, lungs, and stomach. The functions of the MPS are to produce and destroy erythrocytes, plasma proteins, and white blood cells; form bile for the gallbladder; and store iron in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow as ferritin and hemosiderin.

Bone marrow

1. • Osteoblasts mature and travel to the spleen to mature as T lymphocytes

Lymph tissue

The lymph nodes filter all fluids that are cycled into the blood circulation and scan the fluid for microbial infection. The secondary lymphoid structures are the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT); they scan for antigens that have entered through inhalation or ingestion and are currently seeking access to the circulating blood.

1. • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
2. 1. • Lungs/BALT scan for microbes inhaled into the body.
   2. • Stomach/GALT scan for microbes ingested into the body.

The reticuloendothelial system is a network of cells that range in size according to their tasks.

Smaller cells

1. • red blood cell formation
2. • metabolism of iron
3. • storage of lipids
4. • bile formation from destroyed erythrocytes (Kupffer cells in the liver)
5. • immunity and inflammation

Larger cells

These cells are part of the MPS and are responsible for humoral and cell-mediated immunity of the spleen, liver, reticulum, and lymph nodes. They circulate in the blood to other areas of the body where they become histiocytes or macrophages.

Defend against:

1. • bacteria
2. • fungi
3. • mycobacteria
4. • protozoa
5. • viruses

Destroy:

1. • erythrocytes (red blood cells)
2. • leukocytes (white blood cells)

Macrophage cell types
Cell name	Location
Adipose tissu...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Dedication
• Preface
• Dr. Al-Shura biography
• Section I. Anatomy & physiology
• Section II. Blood and immunity
• Section III. Perspectives on the immune system
• Section IV. Hematology lab
• Section V. Diagnosing
• Index