Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration

Jiang Chang, Xingdong Zhang, Kerong Dai

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780128135037
• eBook ISBN: 9780128135044
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Materials Science
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration summarizes research advances on the topic, including sections on the characteristics of biomaterial-induced microenvironments, interactions of bioactive materials with stem cells and tissues, and the immunomodulatory microenvironment induced by biomaterials and its effects on osteogenesis. As the regeneration of large-size bone tissue defects represents a significant clinical challenge, this book demonstrates how new biomaterials with specific chemical and physical characteristics may interact with the host and create a unique micro-environment that actively facilitates stem cell differentiation along a specific lineage, thus stimulating tissue regeneration.- Provides readers with the latest research developments in the fabrication techniques of bioactive materials for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering applications- Presents the latest research advancements on how bioactive materials interact with the host and induce micro-environments for stem cell differentiation, immunomodulation and tissue regeneration- Covers the methods, strategies, principle and mechanisms on constructing beneficial biomaterial microenvironments

Chapter 1: Material characteristics, surface/interface, and biological effects on the osteogenesis of bioactive materials

Abstract

Bioactive materials play an increasingly important role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for bone. Many reports have shown that the biological properties of bioactive materials depend greatly on material characteristics and surface/interface properties. Therefore, this chapter firstly focuses on different fabrication methods for the preparation of bone regenerative biomaterials with an emphasis on accurate control of material characteristics such as chemical composition, macro-/microstructure, and mechanical properties. Methods for surface modification of bone regenerative biomaterials and evaluation of physicochemical properties of prepared materials are also introduced. Protein adsorption is the initial event after implantation of a biomaterial and directly influences subsequent cell behavior and implant fate. This chapter introduces the interactions between bone regenerative biomaterials and various bone-related proteins and discusses the key contributions of adsorbed functional proteins in biomaterials to material-induced bone regeneration. The cell is the fundamental unit of the human body, and the behavior of cells under the influence of biomaterials determines the progress of bone regeneration and repair. Finally, this chapter elucidates the interactions of bone regenerative biomaterials with cells and tissues and the specific effects of material characteristics on osteogenesis and the involved molecular mechanism.

Keywords

Angiogenesis; Bioactivity; Bone regeneration; Immunoresponse; Osteogenic; Porous bioactive materials; Protein adsorption; Surface morphology

1. 1.1.1 Material characteristics of bioactive materials for bone regeneration
   1. 1.1.1.1 Chemical composition
   2. 1.1.1.2 Porous structure
   3. 1.1.1.3 Surface micro- and nanostructure
2. 1.1.2 Design of porous bioactive materials
   1. 1.1.2.1 Synthesis of initial nanopowder and precursor
   2. 1.1.2.2 Molding of porous structure
   3. 1.1.2.3 Sintering technologies
   4. 1.1.2.4 Surface modification methods
3. 1.1.3 Main challenges and prospects
   1. 1.1.3.1 Main challenges of bioactive materials
   2. 1.1.3.2 Enhancing bioactivity and mechanical property methods
      1. 1.1.3.2.1 Bonelike apatite formation
      2. 1.1.3.2.2 Nanoscale topography
      3. 1.1.3.2.3 Whisker reinforcement
      4. 1.1.3.2.4 Trace ion doping
4. References
5. 1.2.1 Surface morphology of bioactive materials for osteogenesis
   1. 1.2.1.1 Orderly micropatterned surface morphology of calcium phosphate–based bioceramics
   2. 1.2.1.2 Randomly structured surface morphology of calcium phosphate–based bioceramics
      1. 1.2.1.2.1 Hydrothermal treatment of randomly structured surface morphology
      2. 1.2.1.2.2 Simulated body fluid immersion and inducing of random calcium phosphate surface morphology
      3. 1.2.1.2.3 Other fabrication methods of randomly structured surface morphology
6. 1.2.2 Porosity of bioactive porous materials for osteogenesis
7. 1.2.3 Grain size of bioactive materials for osteogenesis
   1. 1.2.3.1 Microscale and submicroscale grain sizes
   2. 1.2.3.2 Nanoscale grain size
8. 1.2.4 Summary
9. References
10. 1.3.1 Current methods for studying protein adsorption
    1. 1.3.1.1 Experimental methods
    2. 1.3.1.2 Computing methods
11. 1.3.2 Material factors influencing protein adsorption
    1. 1.3.2.1 Material factors
       1. 1.3.2.1.1 Topography
       2. 1.3.2.1.2 Chemical properties
       3. 1.3.2.1.3 Hydrophobicity
    2. 1.3.2.2 Interactions between proteins and bioactive materials
12. 1.3.3 The effect of protein adsorption on the osteogenesis of bioactive materials
    1. 1.3.3.1 Extracellular protein adsorption
    2. 1.3.3.2 Adsorption of specific proteins (bone morphogenetic proteins and transcription growth factor beta)
    3. 1.3.3.3 Other growth factor adsorption
    4. 1.3.3.4 Cytokine adsorption
13. 1.3.4 Summary
14. References
15. 1.4.1 Angiogenesis of bioactive materials and the involved molecular mechanism
16. 1.4.2 Osteogenesis of bioactive materials and material-mediated mesenchymal stem cell function
    1. 1.4.2.1 Osteogenic ionic environment created in the porous structure
       1. 1.4.2.1.1 Ca²⁺ gradient
       2. 1.4.2.1.2 PO₄ ³⁻ internalization
    2. 1.4.2.2 Cells of origin and cellular events in material-induced osteogenesis
       1. 1.4.2.2.1 Cells of origin
       2. 1.4.2.2.2 Events at cellular level
    3. 1.4.2.3 Osteogenic mechanism of bioactive porous titanium
17. 1.4.3 Role of immunoresponse in the osteogenesis of bioactive materials
    1. 1.4.3.1 Autocrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells
    2. 1.4.3.2 Paracrine effect from immune cells
18. 1.4.4 Summary
19. References

Bioactive materials play an increasingly important role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering for bone. Many reports have shown that the biological properties of bioactive materials depend greatly on material characteristics and surface/interface properties. Therefore, this chapter firstly focuses on different fabrication methods for the preparation of bone regenerative biomaterials with an emphasis on accurate control of material characteristics such as chemical composition, macro-/microstructure, and mechanical properties. Methods for surface modification of bone regenerative biomaterials and evaluation of physicochemical properties of prepared materials are also introduced. Protein adsorption is the initial event after implantation of a biomaterial and directly influences subsequent cell behavior and implant fate. This chapter introduces the interactions between bone regenerative biomaterials and various bone-related proteins and discusses the key contributions of adsorbed functional proteins in biomaterials to material-induced bone regeneration. The cell is the fundamental unit of the human body, and the behavior of cells under the influence of biomaterials determines the progress of bone regeneration and repair. Finally, this chapter elucidates the interactions of bone regenerative biomaterials with cells and tissues and the specific effects of material characteristics on osteogenesis and the involved molecular mechanism.

Chapter 1.1

Fabrication methods of bioactive materials for bone regeneration

Xiang-Feng Li, Wan-Lu Zhao, Xiang-Dong Zhu, and Xing-Dong Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Inspired by the concept of regenerative medicine, the design of biomaterials with tissue-inducing abilities is a new direction for bioactive materials. Bioactive materials should be bioactive not only to bond with the tissue interface, but also to induce tissue regeneration, thus permanently healing damaged or missing tissues and organs. This discovery of material osteoinductivity indicates that materials might be endowed with the biofunction of inducing tissue regeneration, thus making them hopeful solutions for establis...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Material characteristics, surface/interface, and biological effects on the osteogenesis of bioactive materials
• Chapter 2. Biomaterial-induced microenvironment and host reaction in bone regeneration
• Chapter 3. A bone regeneration concept based on immune microenvironment regulation
• Index