Advanced Water Treatment

Adsorption

Mika Sillanpää, Mika Sillanpää, Mika Silanpää, Mika Sillanpaa

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN:
  9780128192160
• eBook ISBN:
  9780128192177
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Microbiology
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Advanced Water Treatment: Adsorption discusses the application of adsorption in water purification. The book reviews research findings on the preparation of five different nano/microcellulose-based adsorbents, their characterization, the study of adsorption kinetics and isotherms, the determination of adsorption mechanisms, and an evaluation of adsorbents' regeneration properties. The book describes modification microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), the use of succinic anhydride modified mercerized nanocellulose, and aminosilane and hydroxyapatite modified nanostructured MFC for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Final sections describe the use of aminosilane, epoxy and hydroxyapatite modified MFC as a promising alternative for H2S removal from aqueous solutions, along with new findings on the adsorption properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite modified MFC as multifunctional adsorbent for the removal of both cations and anions ions from water. - Includes the most recent research on advanced water treatment by adsorption - Provides the latest updates on novel absorbents for water purification - Describes REE removal using various absorbents - Covers a wide range of methods and their integration

Chapter 1

Nano- and microcellulose-based adsorption materials in water treatment

Sanna Hokkanen ¹ , and Mika Sillanpää ^{2 1} Department of Green Chemistry (DGC), Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Mikkeli, Finland ² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States

Abstract

In recent decades, industrial activity growth and increasing water usage worldwide have led to the release of various pollutants, such as toxic heavy metals and nutrients, into the aquatic environment. Modified nano- and microcellulose-based adsorption materials have the potential to remove these contaminants from aqueous solutions. The present research consisted of the preparation of five different nano/microcellulose-based adsorbents, their characterization, the study of adsorption kinetics and isotherms, the determination of adsorption mechanisms, and an evaluation of adsorbents' regeneration properties.

The same well-known reactions and modification methods that were used for modifying conventional cellulose also worked for microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The use of succinic anhydride modified–mercerized nanocellulose and aminosilane- and hydroxyapatite (HA)-modified nanostructured MFC for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions exhibited promising results. Aminosilane-, epoxy-, and HA-modified MFC could be used as a promising alternative for H₂S removal from aqueous solutions. In addition, new knowledge about the adsorption properties of carbonated HA–modified MFC as multifunctional adsorbent for the removal of both cations and anions ions from water was obtained. The maghemite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄)–modified MFC was found to be a highly promising adsorbent for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions because of its magnetic properties, high surface area, and high adsorption capacity.

The maximum removal efficiencies of each adsorbent were studied in batch mode. The results of adsorption kinetics indicated very fast removal rates for all the studied pollutants. Modeling of adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics using various theoretical models provided information about the adsorbent's surface properties and the adsorption mechanisms. This knowledge is important, for instance, in designing water treatment units/plants. Furthermore, the correspondence between the theory behind the model and properties of the adsorbent as well as adsorption mechanisms was also discussed. On the whole, both the experimental results and theoretical considerations supported the potential applicability of the studied nano/microcellulose-based adsorbents in water treatment applications.

Keywords

Adsorption isotherm; Adsorption kinetics; H₂S; Heavy metals; Microcellulose; Nanocellulose; Nitrate; Phosphate; Surface modification; Water treatment

1. List of Publications
2. Nomenclature
   1. List of symbols
3. Abbreviations
4. 1. Introduction
5. 2. Chemically Modified Cellulose-based Adsorbents
   1. 2.1 Monomer-grafted cellulose adsorbents
      1. 2.1.1 Photografting
      2. 2.1.2 High energy radiation grafting
      3. 2.1.3 Chemical initiation grafting
   2. 2.2 Adsorbents produced by the direct modification of cellulose
      1. 2.2.1 Esterification
      2. 2.2.2 Halogenation
      3. 2.2.3 Oxidation
      4. 2.2.4 Etherification
      5. 2.2.5 Alkaline treatment
      6. 2.2.6 Silynation
   3. 2.3 Cellulose-based composite materials
   4. 2.4 Summary of literature
6. 3. Applications of Nanocellulose for Water Treatment
   1. 3.1 General
   2. 3.2 Nanocellulose-based materials for water treatment
   3. 3.3 Cellulose-based nano...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Contributors
• Chapter 1. Nano- and microcellulose-based adsorption materials in water treatment
• Chapter 2. Adsorption of dyes onto modified titanium dioxide
• Chapter 3. Cross-linked chitosan and β-cyclodextrin as functional adsorbents in water treatment
• Chapter 4. Novel sorbents from low-cost materials for water treatment
• Chapter 5. Sol–gel synthesized titanosilicates for the uptake of radionuclides
• Chapter 6. Hydrothermal carbonization in the synthesis of sustainable porous carbon materials for water treatment
• Chapter 7. Synthesis of hybrid bionanocomposites and their application for the removal of rare-earth elements from synthetic wastewater
• Chapter 8. Selective recovery of rare-earth elements from diluted aqueous streams using N- and O-coordination ligand–grafted organic–inorganic hybrid composites
• Index