Regenerative Medicine for Peripheral Artery Disease

Emile R Mohler, Brian Annex

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2016
• Print ISBN: 9780128013441
• eBook ISBN: 9780128014875
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Pharmacology
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Regenerative Medicine for Peripheral Artery Disease is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource on the use of regenerative medicine for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. This reference includes a general overview of regenerative medicine and covers important vascular topics, including intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia, with important mechanisms clearly presented in full color images throughout the book. This important reference includes clear and concise information on both human clinical trials, as well as important and pertinent animal studies, and is a must-have reference for researchers and practitioners of peripheral artery disease.- Compiles and explains the rationale and history of different regenerative treatment concepts for peripheral artery disease in one reference- Presents pertinent animal studies and human clinical trials in the area of regenerative medicine for peripheral arterial disease, addressing both safety and efficacy of the clinical trials- Provides full-color images that demonstrate covered mechanisms- Includes access to a full-color website for further study

Chapter 1

Angiogenesis in Peripheral Artery Disease: Focus on Growth Factor Therapy

A.M. Sharma MBBS

S. Hazarika MD

J. Solanki BS

B.H. Annex MD University of Virginia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States

Abstract

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is narrowing or occlusion of the lower extremity arteries primarily due to atherosclerosis. It is typically diagnosed in the vascular laboratory by an abnormally low ankle–brachial index (ABI) study which is the ratio of highest blood pressure in the ankle arteries (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibialis) and the highest blood pressure in the brachial arteries. The clinical manifestations of PAD range from asymptomatic disease to intermittent claudication to critical limb ischemia (CLI) depending on the degree of reduction in blood flow to the extremities. Intermittent claudication (IC) is when one experiences pain or cramping with exertion in the lower extremity that is relieved with rest. CLI is the most aggressive form of PAD presenting as rest pain or nonhealing ulcers and/or gangrene of the lower extremities, often resulting in amputation(Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR et al. Circulation 2006;113(11): e463–e654.). PAD, particularly CLI, has a very high mortality especially due to cardiovascular causes (Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR et al. Circulation 2006;113(11): e463–e654.). Although PAD has be underdiagnosed and underrecognized for a long time, it is now gaining significant recognition in the medical and general community as it is estimated to be present in up to 8–12 million people in USA itself and up to 20% of the population above the age of 65 years may have PAD (Diehm C, Allenberg JR, Pittrow D et al. Circulation 2009;120(21):2053–2061).

Keywords

peripheral artery disease

critical limb ischemia

angiogenesis

growth factor therapy

Introduction

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is narrowing or occlusion of the lower extremity arteries primarily due to atherosclerosis (Fig. 1.1). It is typically diagnosed in the vascular laboratory by an abnormally low ankle–brachial index (ABI) study which is the ratio of highest blood pressure in the ankle arteries (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibialis) and the highest blood pressure in the brachial arteries. The clinical manifestations of PAD range from asymptomatic disease to intermittent claudication to critical limb ischemia (CLI) depending on the degree of reduction ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Angiogenesis in Peripheral Artery Disease: Focus on Growth Factor Therapy
• Chapter 2: Regenerative Cell Therapy: Historical Background and Future Directions
• Chapter 3: Bone Marrow–Derived Cells: From the Laboratory to the Clinic
• Chapter 4: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Chapter 5: Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Medicine
• Chapter 6: Mature Cell Activation
• Chapter 7: Imaging for Regenerative Therapy for PAD
• Chapter 8: Endpoint Assessment for Cell Therapy in Patients with Intermittent Claudication and Critical Limb Ischemia
• Chapter 9: Endpoint Assessment for Critical Limb Ischemia for Cellular Therapy
• Index