Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual

E. Shashi Menon

• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Year: 2014
• ISBN:
  9781856178310
• Topic: Tecnología e ingeniería
• Subtopic: Combustibles fósiles

Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual is a valuable time- and money-saving tool to quickly pinpoint the essential formulae, equations, and calculations needed for transmission pipeline routing and construction decisions. The manual's three-part treatment starts with gas and petroleum data tables, followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications. Case studies at the end of each chapter provide practical experience for problem solving. Topics in this book include pressure and temperature profile of natural gas pipelines, how to size pipelines for specified flow rate and pressure limitations, and calculating the locations and HP of compressor stations and pumping stations on long distance pipelines.

• Case studies are based on the author's personal field experiences
• Component to system level coverage
• Save time and money designing pipe routes well
• Design and verify piping systems before going to the field
• Increase design accuracy and systems effectiveness

Chapter One

Introduction to Transmission Pipelines

Abstract

Pipelines are used to transport liquids or gases from origin to end users. These pipelines may range from 4 in to 32 in or more in diameter. Over the last several years, pipelines have been built in the World ranging from 48 to 60 in or larger. These pipelines may be short lines, such a few feet to as much as a few thousand miles long. In addition to providing the necessary pipe material, we must also provide the necessary pressure in terms of pumping equipment and drivers as well as other related appurtenances such as valves, regulators, and scraper traps. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline is a well-known large-diameter pipeline built in the United States during the past 40 years at a cost of more than $8 billion (US) dollars.

Pipelines are used to transport liquids or gases from point of origin to point of consumption of liquids or gases. Transmission pipelines may be small diameter such as 4 in or the average size may range from 24 to 32 in or more in diameter. Over the course of several years, much larger pipelines have been built in the United States and abroad ranging from 48 to 60 in or larger diameter. These pipelines may be short lines, such as gathering lines ranging from a few feet to as much as a couple of miles. They may also be long trunk lines a few thousand miles long. In addition to providing the necessary pipe material, we must also provide the necessary pressure in terms of pumping equipment and drivers as well as other related appurtenances such as valves, regulators, and scraper traps. The Trans-Alaska Pipeline is a well-known large-diameter pipeline built in the United States during the past 25 years at a cost of more than $8 (US Billion) dollars.

In this book, we will concentrate on transmission pipelines used to transport liquids such as water, refined petroleum products as well as natural gas or compressible fluids such as propane and ethane. More sophisticated pipelines have also been built to transport exotic gases and liquids such as ethylene or compressed high-density carbon dioxide (CO₂). The latter pipelines require extensive hydraulic simulation or modeling taking into account the thermodynamic properties of CO₂ including liquid vapor diagrams as well as the complex formulas that define the behavior of high density CO₂.

Starting with 1866 in Pennsylvania, United States, when the first practical pipeline was constructed by the entrepreneur and scientist Edwin Drake, the United States set the stage for the proliferation of practical utilization of pipelines ranging from a few miles to tens of thousands of miles all over the world.

It must be noted that although the US pioneered pipeline efforts in the 1800s, credit must be given to engineers, technicians, and scientists t...