Advances in Extraterrestrial Drilling:

Ground, Ice, and Underwater

Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Kris Zacny, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Kris Zacny

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN:
  9780367674892
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000328530
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Advances in Extraterrestrial Drilling: Ground, Ice, and Underwater includes the latest advances that have been made in recent years in developing drilling and excavation mechanisms for extraterrestrial bodies. The chapters cover drill types, drilling techniques and their advantages and associated issues, rock coring including acquisition, damage control, caching and transport, and data interpretation, as well as unconsolidated soil drilling and borehole stability. This book includes a description of the basic science of the drilling process, associated processes of breaking and penetrating various media, the required hardware, and the process of excavation and analysis of the sampled media.

• Covers the most recent advances in extraterrestrial drilling.
• Discusses drilling in the broadest range of media including ground, ice, underwater, and planetary surfaces from shallow to very deep.
• Provides a comprehensive description of key drilling techniques and the efforts to develop unified approach to assessing the required tools for given drilling requirements.
• Discusses how environment affects drilling and approaches to addressing the effects and current challenges of drilling and excavation on other planets.
• Examines novel drilling and excavation approaches.

Dr. Yoseph Bar-Cohen is the Supervisor of the Electroactive Technologies Group (http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/) and a Senior Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Lab/Caltech, Pasadena, CA. His research is focused on electro-mechanics including planetary sample handling mechanisms, novel actuators that are driven by materials such as piezoelectric and EAP (also known as artificial muscles), and biomimetics.

Dr. Kris Zacny is a Senior Scientist and Vice President of Exploration Systems at Honeybee Robotics, Altadena, CA. His expertise includes space mining, sample handling, soil and rock mechanics, extraterrestrial drilling, and In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU).

1 Extraterrestrial Drilling and Excavation

Kris Zacny, Gale Paulsen, Phil Chu, Boleslaw Mellerowicz, Stephen Indyk, Justin Spring, Alex Wang, Grayson Adams, Leslie Alarid, Colin Andrew, Jameil Bailey, Ron Barkie, Dean Bergman, Jocelyn Bergman, Phil Beard, Andrew Bocklund, Natasha Bouey, Ben Bradley, Michael Buchbinder, Kathryn Bywaters, Lee Carlson, Conner Castle, Mark Chapman, Colin Chen, Paul Chow, Evan Cloninger, Patrick Corrigan, Tighe Costa, Paul Creekmore, Kiel Davis, Stella Dearing, Jack Emery, Zak Fitzgerald, Steve Ford, Sam Goldman, Barry Goldstein, Stephen Gorevan, Amelia Grossman, Ashley Hames, Nathan Heidt, Ron Hayes, Matt Heltsley, Jason Herman, Joe Hernandez, Greg Hix, Will Hovik, Robert Huddleston, Kevin Humphrey, Anchal Jain, Nathan Jensen, Marnie Johnson, Helen Jung, Robert Kancans, Cecily Keim, Sarineh Keshish, Michael Killian, Caitlin King, Isabel King, Daniel Kim, Emily Kolenbrander, Sherman Lam, Andrea Lamore, Caleb Lang, Joseph Lee, Carolyn Lee, John Lorbiecki, Kathryn Luczek, Jacob Madden, Jessica Maddin, Tibor Makai, Mike Maksymuk, Zach Mank, Richard Margulieux, Sara Martinez, Yuka Matsuyama, Andrew Maurer, Molly McCormick, Jerry Moreland, Phil Morrison, Erik Mumm, Adoni Netter, Jeff Neumeister, Tim Newbold, Joey Niehay, Phil Ng, Peter Ngo, Huey Nguyen, Tom O’Bannon, Sean O’Brien, Joey Palmowski, Aayush Parekh, Andrew Peekema, Fredrik Rehnmark, Hunter Rideout, Albert Ridilla, Alexandra Rzepiejewska, Dara Sabahi, Yoni Saltzman, Luke Sanasarian, Vishnu Sanigepalli, Emily Seto, Jeff Shasho, Sase Singh, David Smyth, Nancy Sohm, Jesus Sosa, Joey Sparta, Leo Stolov, Marta Stone, Andrew Tallaksen, Miranda Tanouye, Lisa Thomas, Thomas Thomas, Luke Thompson, Mary Tirrell, Nick Traeden, Ethan Tram, Sarah Tye, Crystal Ulloa, Dylan Van-Dyne, Robert Van Ness, Vincent Vendiola, Brian Vogel, Lillian Ware, Bobby Wei, Hunter Williams, Jack Wilson, Brian Yaggi, Bernice Yen, Sean Yoon, Ben Younes, David Yu, Michael Yu, Mike Zasadzien, and Raymond Zheng

Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corp., Altadena, CA

Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Paul Backes, Mircea Badescu, Xiaoqi Bao, Tom Cwik, Jean-Pierre Fleurial, Jeffery Hall, Kevin Hand, Ben Hockman, Samuel M. Howell, Troy Lee Hudson, Shannon Jackson, Hyeong Jae Lee, Michael Malaska, Brandon Metz, Scott Moreland, Avi Okon, Tyler Okamoto, Dario Riccobono, Kris Sherrill, Stewart Sherrit, Miles Smith, Jurgen Mueller, and Wayne Zimmerman

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA

Michael Amato, Melissa Trainer, Don Wegel, Andrej Grubisic, and Walter F. Smith

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

Ralph Lorenz, and Elizabeth Turtle

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD

Hirotaka Sawada, Hiroki Kato, Yasutaka Satou, Takashi Kubota, and Masaki Fujimoto

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan

Pietro Baglioni, Stephen Durrant, Richard Fisackerly, and Roland Trautner

European Space Agency, Noordwijk, the Netherlands

Marek Banaszkiewicz, and Karol Seweryn

Space Research Centre PAS (CBK PAN), Warsaw, Poland

Akihiro Fujiwara, and Taro Nakamura

Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

Matthias Grott

German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany

Jerzy Grygorczuk, Bartosz Kędziora, Łukasz Wiśniewski, Tomasz Kucin´ski, and Gordon Wasilewski

Astronika Sp. z o. o., Warsaw, Poland

Seiichi Nagihara

Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX

Rohit Bhartia

Optical Informatics, LLC, Altadena, CA

Hiroyuki Kawamoto

Dept. of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Julius Rix, and Robert Mulvaney

British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge, UK

Andrea Rusconi, Christian Panza, and Marco Peruzzotti

Leonardo S.p.A., Viale Europa s.n.c, Nerviano (MI), Italy

Pablo Sobron

Impossible Sensing, St. Louis, MO

Ryan Timoney, Kevin Worrall, and Patrick Harkness

School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland

Naohiro Uyama, Hiroshi Kanamori, and Shigeru Aoki

Shimizu Corporation, Japan, Tokyo

Dale Winebrenner

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Yasuyuki Yamada

Department of Design Engineering and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, Japan

Tilman Spohn

International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland

Christian Krause

German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC), Space Operations and Astronaut Training, Cologne, Germany

Torben Wippermann

German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany

Roy Lichtenheldt

Institute of System Dynamics and Control, Münchener Straße 20, 82234, Weßling, Germany

Contents

1. 1.1 Why Subsurface Exploration?
2. 1.2 Scoops
   • 1.2.1 Viking 1 and 2
   • 1.2.2 Mars Phoenix
   • 1.2.3 Vibratory and Percussive Scoops
   • 1.2.4 Drone Mounted Scoops
3. 1.3 Grinders
   • 1.3.1 Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
   • 1.3.2 Powder and Regolith Acquisition Bit (RABBit)
4. 1.4 Dust Removal Systems
   • 1.4.1 Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
   • 1.4.2 Dust Removal Tool (DRT)
   • 1.4.3 Air Dust Removal Tool (AirDRT)
   • 1.4.4 Gas Dust Removal Tool (gDRT)
   • 1.4.5 PUFFER-Oriented Compact Cleaning and Excavation Tool (POCCET)
5. 1.5 Small Bodies Sampling and Excavation
   • 1.5.1 BiBlade Sampler
   • 1.5.2 Brush Wheel Sampler
   • 1.5.3 Clamshell Sampler
   • 1.5.4 Coring Sampler (C-SMP) for Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
   • 1.5.5 Dynamic Acquisition and Retrieval Tool (DART)
   • 1.5.6 Harpoon Samplers
   • 1.5.7 Sample Retrieval Projectile (SARP)
     • 1.5.7.1 Sample Cartridge, Door and Release
     • 1.5.7.2 Outer Sheath and Release
     • 1.5.7.3 Inner Sheath, Hinge, Latch and Release
     • 1.5.7.4 Boom Retraction and Deployment (BRAD)
     • 1.5.7.5 Triangular Rollable and Collapsible (TRAC) Boom
     • 1.5.7.6 Drum
     • 1.5.7.7 Retraction System
   • 1.5.8 Hayabusa Sampler
   • 1.5.9 OSIRIS-REx Sampler
   • 1.5.10 Pyramid Comet Sampler (PyCoS)
   • 1.5.11 Rosetta Philae SD2
   • 1.5.12 Sample Acquisition System (SAS) for CAESAR
   • 1.5.13 The Sample Acquisition and Transfer Mechanism (SATM) Drill
   • 1.5.14 Sample Return Probe
   • 1.5.15 Touch and Go Surface Sampler
6. 1.6 Surface Samplers
   • 1.6.1 Dual-Rasp
   • 1.6.2 Electrostatic and Magnetic Regolith Transport and Capture
     • 1.6.2.1 Electrostatic Capture
     • 1.6.2.2 Magnetic Capture
     • 1.6.2.3 Electrostatic Transport
     • 1.6.2.4 Vibration Transport
   • 1.6.3 Europa Drum Sampler (EDuS)
   • 1.6.4 NanoDrill for Drones
   • 1.6.5 NanoDrill and PowderDrill for Axel Rover
   • 1.6.6 The PACKMOON
7. 1.7 Percussive Penetrators
   • 1.7.1 MUPUS
   • 1.7.2 CHOMIK Sampling Device
   • 1.7.3 EMOLE
   • 1.7.4 EMilia
   • 1.7.5 Dual Hammer Penetration Device
   • 1.7.6 The Hammering Drill (HILL)
   • 1.7.7 The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP³)
     • 1.7.7.1 The HP³ Mole
     • 1.7.7.2 Instrument Testing
     • 1.7.7.3 On Mars Operations
   • 1.7.8 Percussive Heat Flow Probe
8. 1.8 Suction-Based Samplers
   • 1.8.1 Drone Deployable Pneumatic Sampler for Mars
   • 1.8.2 Drill for Acquisition of Complex Organics (DrACO) for Dragonfly
9. 1.9 Pneumatic Samplers
   • 1.9.1 PlanetVac
   • 1.9.2 Pneumatic Sampler (P-SMP) for Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
   • 1.9.3 FROST: Frozen Regolith Observation and Sampling Tool
   • 1.9.4 Nibbler for Europa and Enceladus
10. 1.10 10-cm Class Samplers
    • 1.10.1 Venera Drill
    • 1.10.2 Venus In Situ Explorer (VISE) Drill
    • 1.10.3 The Mars Science Laboratory Drill
      • 1.10.3.1 Salient Hardware Details
      • 1.10.3.2 Algorithm and Software Overview
      • 1.10.3.3 Drill Concept of Operations
      • 1.10.3.4 Drilling Mission Performance and Results
    • 1.10.4 Rotary Percussive Corer (RoPeC)
    • 1.10.5 Percussive Rapid Access Isotope Drill (P-RAID)
      • 1.10.5.1 Logistical Limitations
      • 1.10.5.2 Technical Challenges
      • 1.10.5.3 BAS Rapid Access Isotope Drill (RAID)
      • 1.10.5.4 The P-RAID (Percussive RAID)
      • 1.10.5.5 Conclusions
11. 1.11 1-m Class Samplers
    • 1.11.1 JAXA/Shimizu Drill
    • 1.11.2 ExoMars Drill
      • 1.11.2.1 EXM Drill System Configuration
    • 1.11.3 PROSPECT Package
      • 1.11.3.1 ProSEED Drill System Configuration and Testing
      • 1.11.3.2 ProSEED Hammer Mechanism Investigations
    • 1.11.4 The IceBreaker Drill
    • 1.11.5 TRIDENT Drill
    • 1.11.6 Planetary Volatiles Extractor (PVEx)
12. 1.12 10-m Class Samplers
    • 1.12.1 Lunar Subsurface Explorer Robot Using Peristaltic Crawling
    • 1.12.2 Pneumatic Drill on the Moon
    • 1.12.3 RedWater Drill
    • 1.12.4 The Ultra-Light Mobile Drilling System (UMDS)
13. 1.13 Deep Drilling
    • 1.13.1 Planetary Deep Drill (PDD)...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Editors
• List of Contributors
• 1 Extraterrestrial Drilling and Excavation
• 2 Novel Methods for Deep Ice Access on Planetary Bodies
• 3 Scientific Rationale for Planetary Drilling
• 4 Biological Contamination Control and Planetary Protection Measures as Applied to Sample Acquisition
• Index