High Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics

Ernst-Christian Koch

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2021
• ISBN:
  9783110660593
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Militärwissenschaft & -technologie

This dictionary contains 739 entries with about 1400 references to the primary literature. Details on the composition, performance, sensitivity and other pertinent properties of Energetic Materials such as High Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics, as well as important ingredients such as Oxidizers, Fuels, Binders, and Modifiers are given and presented partly in over 180 tables with more than 240 structural formulas.

In detail the dictionary gives elaborate descriptions of

• 460 Chemical Substances
• 170 Pyrotechnic Compositions
• 360 High Explosive and Propellant Formulations

In addition, the basic physical and thermochemical properties of 435 pure substances (elements & compounds) typically occuring as ingredients or reaction products are given too.

150 Figures, schemes and diagrams explain Applications, Test methods, Scientific facilities, and finally Individuals closely tied with the development and investigation of Energetic Materials.

The book is intended for readers with a technical or scientific background, active in governmental agencies, research institutes, trade and industry, concerned with the procurement, development, manufacture, investigation and use of Energetic Materials, such as High Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics, Fireworks and Ammunition. The book serves both as a daily reference for the experienced as well as an introduction for the newcomer to the field.

A

AAD

AAD designates a eutectic melt-cast formulation based on ammonium nitrate (AN), 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate. ADD melts in the 90–99 °C range and is a shear-thinning fluid just like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). It has a relative deliquescence humidity (DRH) of >50%. A formulation containing 50 wt.-% HMX is called AH-55 and compares nicely with Comp B; however, it is less sensitive when compared with Comp B (Table A.1).

Table A.1:Composition and properties of AAD melt-cast high explosives.

Components	AAD	AH-55
Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 (wt.-%)	50	25
3-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, [C2H5N4][NO3](wt.-%)	25	12,5
3,5-Diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, [C2H6N5][NO3] (wt.-%)	25	12,5
Octogen, HMX, C4H8N8O8, (wt.-%)	–	50^#
Mp (°C)	104 (DSC)
ρ (g cm^−3)	1.66	1.70 (96% TMD)
VD (km s^−1)	8.55*	7.97 @ 24 mm
PCJ (GPa)	26*	27.3 @ 24 mm
Onset (°C)	203	203
Impact (J)	21	9.16
Friction (N)	>360	>360
Spark	0.25	0.125

*Calculated with CHEETAH 2.0, ^#class II HMX.

• P. W. Leonard, D. E. Chavez, P. R. Bowden, E. G. Francois, Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech. 2018, 43, 11–14.

AASTP

The AASTP = Allied Ammunition Storage and Transport Publication is a series of documents (Table A.2) developed and issued by the NATO Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD) Ammunition Safety Group (AC/326). The AASTP currently comprises five documents, dealing with the basics of storage and transportation of explosives and ammunition in the NATO military environment.

Table A.2:AASTP.

AASTP-1	Manual of NATO Safety Principles for the Storage of Military Ammunition and Explosives
AASTP-2	Manual of NATO Safety Principles for ...