Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability

Alexandra B. Ribeiro, Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, M. N. V. Prasad

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN:
  9781119670117
• eBook ISBN:
  9781119670162
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Ciencias físicas
• Subtopic: Química orgánica

Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability

Explore this comprehensive reference on the remediation of contaminated substrates, filled with cutting-edge research and practical case studies

Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability delivers a thorough review of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) for the treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants in contaminated substrates. The book highlights recent progress and developments in EKR in the areas of resource recovery, the removal of pollutants, and environmental remediation. It also discusses the use of EKR in conjunction with nanotechnology and phytoremediation.

Throughout the book, case studies are presented that involve the field implementation of EKR technologies. The book also includes discussions of enhanced electrokinetic remediation of dredged co-contaminated sediments, solar-powered bioelectrokinetics for the mitigation of contaminated agricultural soil, advanced electro-fenton for remediation of organics, electrokinetic remediation for PPCPs in contaminated substrates, and the electrokinetic remediation of agrochemicals such as organochlorine compounds. Other topics include:

A thorough introduction to the modelling of electrokinetic remediation

An exploration of the electrokinetic recovery of tungsten and removal of arsenic from mining secondary resources

An analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater treatment plants with a discussion of electrochemical advanced oxidation as an on-site treatment

A review of rare earth elements, including general concepts and recovery techniques, like electrodialytic extraction

A treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in cold climate conditions

Perfect for environmental engineers and scientists, geologists, chemical engineers, biochemical engineers, and scientists working with green technology, Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of academic and industry researchers, engineers, regulators, and policy makers with an interest in the remediation of contaminated natural resources.

1
An Overview of the Modeling of Electrokinetic Remediation

Maria Villen‐Guzman, Maria del Mar Cerrillo‐Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Paz‐Garcia, and Jose Miguel Rodriguez‐Maroto

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Malaga 29071, Spain

1.1 Introduction

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is based on the application of an electric field to porous solid matrices [1] or suspensions (i.e. solid particles suspended in a well‐stirred aqueous solution) [2]. Due to transport phenomena associated with the applied electric field, ionic and non‐ionic species are mobilized toward the electrodes. Electrokinetic technology has also been widely applied to mobilize reactive particles, such as zero‐valent iron (n‐ZVI), through the soil and groundwater [3].

The basic principle of EKR is the application of an electric potential between two or more electrodes inserted into a solid matrix, resulting in a direct electric current through the medium [4]. At the electrode‐electrolyte interface, the electric current transported by electron flow is transformed into ionic current that flows through the system. The electric current, transported mainly by ionic species, generates hydraulic, chemical, and electric potential gradients through the solid‐fluid system. In EKR, five transport mechanisms coexist: (i) electromigration – movement of ion species (cations and anions) induced by an applied electric current toward the electrode of the opposite charge; (ii) electroosmosis – transport of ionic and non‐ionic species through the porous media as a result of the movement of pore water; (iii) electrophoresis – movement of positive and negative‐charged colloids; (iv) diffusion – movement of species as a result of the concentration gradient; and (v) advection – movement of water as a result of pressure gradients [5]. During in situ and ex situ application of EKR to a porous matrix, the contribution of the latter three mechanisms is not significant to the global transport process and therefore can usually be neglected in mathematical models.

In addition to transport processes, upon electric field application, electrochemical reactions including reduction (species gain electron from the external circuit) and oxidation (species donate electrons to the external circuit) occur at the cathode and anode, respectively. For example:

(1.1)

(1.2)

Under normal operation conditions, decomposition of water occurs at the electrodes, generating oxygen gas and hydrogen ions at the anode and hydrogen gas and hydroxyl at the cathode. These reactions generate an acidic front at the anode migrating toward the cathode, which can aid the mobilization of some contaminants, such as heavy metals, since most heavy metal cations are dissolved in acidic conditions. Simultaneously, the basic front generated at the cathode, which migrates through the soil toward the anode, can cause the precipitation of heavy metals in the soil. In addition, the generation of water from encountering both fronts can involve the creation of a low‐electrical‐conductivity zone, which can make the technique ineffective. These problems can be avoided by neutralizing the basic front via acid addition at the cathode, neutralizing the acid front via basic addition at the anode, or using complexation agents at o...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• Contributors
• 1 An Overview of the Modeling of Electrokinetic Remediation Maria Villen-Guzman, Maria del Mar Cerrillo-Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Paz-Garcia, and Jose Miguel Rodriguez-Maroto
• 2 Basic Electrochemistry Tools in Environmental Applications Chanchal Kumar Mitra and Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
• 3 Combined Use of Remediation Technologies with Electrokinetics Helena I. Gomes and Erika B. Bustos
• 4 The Electrokinetic Recovery of Tungsten and Removal of Arsenic from Mining Secondary Resources: The Case of the Panasqueira Mine Joana Almeida, Paulina Faria, António Santos Silva, Eduardo P. Mateus, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 5 Electrokinetic Remediation of Dredged Contaminated Sediments Kristine B. Pedersen, Ahmed Benamar, Mohamed T. Ammami, Florence Portet-Koltalo, and Gunvor M. Kirkelund
• 6 Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation as Onsite Treatment Ana Rita Ferreira, Paula Guedes, Eduardo P. Mateus, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, and Nazaré Couto
• 7 Rare Earth Elements: Overview, General Concepts, and Recovery Techniques, Including Electrodialytic Extraction Nazaré Couto, Ana Rita Ferreira, Vanda Lopes, Stephen Peters, Sibel Pamukcu, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 8 Hydrocarbon‐Contaminated Soil in Cold Climate Conditions: Electrokinetic‐Bioremediation Technology as a Remediation Strategy Ana Rita Ferreira, Paula Guedes, Eduardo P. Mateus, Pernille Erland Jensen, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, and Nazaré Couto
• 9 Electrochemical Migration of Oil and Oil Products in Soil V.A. Korolev and D.S. Nesterov
• 10 Nanostructured TiO2‐Based Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Electrocatalysts: A Preliminary Feasibility Study in Electrodialytic Remediation with Hydrogen Recovery Antonio Rubino, Joana Almeida, Catia Magro, Pier G. Schiavi, Paula Guedes, Nazare Couto, Eduardo P. Mateus, Pietro Altimari, Maria L. Astolfi, Robertino Zanoni, Alexandra B. Ribeiro, and Francesca Pagnanelli
• 11 Hydrogen Recovery in Electrodialytic‐Based Technologies Applied to Environmental Contaminated Matrices Cátia Magro, Joana Almeida, Juan Manuel Paz-Garcia, Eduardo P. Mateus, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 12 Electrokinetic‐Phytoremediation of Mixed Contaminants in Soil Joana Dionísio, Nazaré Couto, Paula Guedes, Cristiana Gonçalves, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 13 Enhanced Electrokinetic Techniques in Soil Remediation for Removal of Heavy Metals Sadia Ilyas, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava, Hyunjung Kim, and Humma Akram Cheema
• 14 Assessment of Soil Fertility and Microbial Activity by Direct Impact of an Electrokinetic Process on Chromium‐Contaminated Soil Prasun Kumar Chakraborty, Prem Prakash, and Brijesh Kumar Mishra
• 15 Management of Clay Properties Based on Electrokinetic Nanotechnology D.S. Nesterov and V.A. Korolev
• 16 Technologies to Create Electrokinetic Protective Barriers D.S. Nesterov and V.A. Korolev
• 17 Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater: Sensor Potential for Monitoring Electroremediation Systems Cátia Magro, Eduardo P. Mateus, Maria de Fátima Raposo, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 18 Perspectives on Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Soil Paula Guedes, Nazaré Couto, Eduardo P. Mateus, Cristina Silva Pereira, and Alexandra B. Ribeiro
• 19 Electrokinetic Remediation for the Removal of Organic Waste in Soil and Sediments S.M.P.A Koliyabandara, Chamika Siriwardhana, Sakuni M. De Silva, Janitha Walpita, and Asitha T. Cooray
• 20 The Integration of Electrokinetics and In Situ Chemical Oxidation Processes for the Remediation of Organically Polluted Soils Long Cang, Qiao Huang, Hongting Xu, and Mingzhu Zhou
• 21 Electrokinetic and Electrochemical Removal of Chlorinated Ethenes: Application in Low‐ and High‐Permeability Saturated Soils Bente H. Hyldegaard and Lisbeth M. Ottosen
• 22 Chlorophenolic Compounds and Their Transformation Products by the Heterogeneous Fenton Process: A Review Cetin Kantar and Ozlem Oral
• 23 Clays and Clay Polymer Composites for Electrokinetic Remediation of Soil Jayasankar Janeni and Nadeesh M. Adassooriya
• 24 Enhanced Remediation and Recovery of Metal‐Contaminated Soil Using Electrokinetic Soil Flushing Yudha Gusti Wibowo and Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
• 25 Recent Progress on Pressure‐Driven Electro‐Dewatering (PED) of Contaminated Sludge Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Amelinda Dhiya Farhah, Mochtar Hadiwidodo, and Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
• 26 Removing Ionic and Nonionic Pollutants from Soil, Sludge, and Sediment Using Ultrasound‐Assisted Electrokinetic Treatment Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan, Marita Wulandari, Yudha Gusti Wibowo, Nurani Ikhlas, and Dimastyaji Yusron Nurseta
• Index
• End User License Agreement