Notes
An initial note for each essay provides references to periodicals or pamphlets in which the essay was published before it appeared in Thoughts and Adventures, and in some instances to later reprints. In preparing these notes I have relied on Ronald I. Cohen, Bibliography of the Writings of Sir Winston Churchill, 3 vols. (London: Thoemmes, 2006). References to “Cohen” in these notes refer to this bibliography—for example, Cohen A95. Several of these notes also describe how essays included in the book were composed.
Some essays were revised for publication in Thoughts and Adventures. Although the book has been reprinted many times, few alterations in the text were made in subsequent editions. I have not attempted to provide a variorum edition of these essays, but significant variations are indicated below.
Preface
Although signed by Churchill and dated September 1932, the preface to Thoughts and Adventures was neither written by Churchill nor written that month. Our author was in a nursing home recuperating from a relapse of paratyphoid in early October 1932 when he received a visit from his former secretary Edward Marsh, who often served as his “devil,” checking the proofs of his books before they went to press. It was resolved that Marsh would write the preface, which the publisher, Thornton Butterworth, urgently needed. So well did Marsh counterfeit our author’s style that Churchill wrote, “Rather a good pastiche!” on his copy of the typescript. The story is told in Cohen, I 382, and in Christopher Hassall, Edward Marsh, Patron of the Arts: A Biography (London: Longmans, 1959), 575 (Cohen F146.1). Among the Churchill papers is a typed note from Marsh to Churchill’s publisher, undated but presumably written that same month, which begins, “Mr. Churchill has read the preface and thinks it is delightful. All that is needed is his name the date and Chartwell to add to it.” (CHAR 8/312/138.) Only occasionally did Churchill use ghostwriters, and rarely with such success. Marsh’s knowledge of literature is reflected in the frequency and aptness of literary references.
A Second Choice
“A Second Choice” was first published as “If I Lived My Life Again,” in the Strand Magazine, 81:483 (March 1931), 243–51 (Cohen C347a), and reprinted as “If I Lived My Life Over,” in Collier’s, 87:14 (April 4, 1931), 12, 47, 50 (Cohen C347b), as “If I Could Live My Life Again,” in Answers, 92:12 [2383] (February 3, 1934), 3–4 (Cohen C347c), and as “A Second Choice,” in Men Only, 10:37 (December 1938), 23–26 (Cohen C347d).
How am I to live my life over again? Under what conditions is this prodigy to be accomplished, or this trial to be endured? Am I just to set out on life from infancy to boyhood on the chance of my taking different decisions from time to time? If so, why should I take different decisions or act otherwise than I did?
I am a being composed in a certain manner, equipped with certain impulses and inhibitions, moving amidst circumstances which create themselves around me at every moment, and evoke from me certain action or neglect of action.
Indeed, I should be puzzled and put wrong by trying to apply my foreknowledge of what I remembered had happened to the new unknowable series of events which were now actually unfolding. It is hard enough to decide when we do not know what the future will contain. Fancy having to decide, hampered at every moment by the memories of a future which could now never come to pass!
Foreknowledge, in fact, could never be exercised more than once; and that only in a negative sense. It could only say “Don’t.” It could never say “Do.” The very fact of its exercise would create different conditions, and perhaps prevent my ever doing for the first time, and once only, the act I had planned.
The argument in this additional passage in the Strand Magazine was suggested to Churchill by his scientific adviser, Professor Frederick Lindemann, who pointed out in a letter of December 1, 1930, that foreknowledge “can only be used with any certainty, negatively. It can only say ‘don’t’ never ‘do.’ Thus for instance, the knowledge of the horse which won the Derby cannot enable you with certainty to make large sums of money.” (CHAR 8/282A/47–48, at 47.)