Functional Reverse Engineering of Strategic and Non-Strategic Machine Tools

Wasim Ahmed Khan, Khalid Rahman, Ghulam Hussain, Ghulam Abbas, Wasim Ahmed Khan, Khalid Rahman, Ghulam Hussain, Ghulam Abbas

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN:
  9780367365806
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000401455
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Industrial Design
• Index: Technology & Engineering

This book describes capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. It includes machine building in sectors such as machine tools, automobiles, home appliances, energy, and biomedical engineering, along with case studies.

The book offers guidelines for capacity building in academia, covering how to promote enterprises of functional reverse engineering enterprises. It also discusses machine tool development, engineering design, prototyping of strategic, and non-strategies machine tools, as well as presenting communication strategies and IoT, along with case studies.

Professionals from the CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machine tools industry, industrial and manufacturing engineers, and students and faculty in engineering disciplines will find interest in this book.

Section 1

Functional Reverse Engineering Activities in Pakistan

A strategic machine tool is a machine tool that can produce anything within its scope as well as parts of nonstrategic machine tools. The current intervention initiated 3years ago is having a strong effect on academia and entrepreneurs to adapt it. A number of groups have emerged within Pakistan seeking knowledge in the area for different engineering sectors and entrepreneurs are more willing to invest in the area. Federal Government, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and number of national and international donors, despite current COVID-19 situations, are working on this stimulus.

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan, is in the forefront of this activity and work done at the institute under the funding of Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is striving for capacity building in the province and the country.

The knowledge being gained through experimentation at Advance Manufacturing Processes Laboratory (AMPL), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute, is incremental and is increasing with time. It is at par with any international laboratory working in the same area.

The knowledge gained in the AMPL is disseminated through undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate courses, Lectures and Webinars to student societies, professional bodies, and trade associations. One of the major knowledge dissemination tools is the International Workshops on Functional Reverse Engineering of Machine Tools.

1 3D Scanner

An Application of Functional Reverse Engineering

Mohammad Zainullah Khan, Muhammad Hasan, Abdullah Haroon, Mohammad Shahrukh, and Wasim Ahmed Khan

GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

Contents

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Background and Motivation

1.2 Literature Review

1.2.1 Literature Review

1.2.2 Noncontact Active 3D Scanning

1.2.3 Different Approaches to Noncontact Active 3D Scanning

1.2.3.1 Time-Of-Flight

1.2.3.2 Phase Shift

1.2.3.3 Triangulation

1.3 Design and Analysis

1.3.1 Design Methodology

1.3.2 3D Scanning Process

1.3.2.1 Software

1.3.2.2 Acquiring Data

1.3.2.3 Form of the Data

1.3.2.4 Further Processing of Data

1.3.2.5 CAD Model

1.3.3 Governing Equations and Mathematical Modeling

1.3.3.1 Motor

1.3.3.2 Laser

1.3.3.3 Camera

1.3.3.4 Power Supply

1.3.4 Geometric Modelling and Design

1.3.5 Analysis

1.4 Impact and Economic Analysis

1.4.1 Social Impact

1.4.2 Sustainability Analysis

1.4.3 Environmental Impact

1.4.4 Hazard Identification and Safety Measures

1.5 Limitations

1.6 Future Recommendations

Bibliography

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Background and Motivation

When one thinks of 3D scanning, usually the first thing that comes to mind is the design extraction of real-life objects onto a computer for further use. This technology allows us to rescale objects and to perform trial-and-error in fitting together complex geometries before doing so physically or being able to perform further modifications. It is also particularly useful for reverse engineering and rapid prototyping. For example, a 3D scanner can be used to replace a broken part of a desk lamp with the help of a 3D printer. The process is very simple. The broken part is first scanned, then modified (if required), and printed.

Since 3D scanners have limited availability and are mostly high-priced, we decided to develop one which fulfills the needs of an individual or a small start-up while being cost-effective. The scanner works by collecting the geometric data at different points, combining the result, and producing a three-dimensional image for further use. For every data point collected, additional information such as its color and texture may also be recorded. The initial points collected can also contain data of the distance from the camera to points on the object or this may be set manually. This allows for a common reference frame to be set up.

1.2 Literature Review

1.2.1 Literature Review

The applications for 3D scanning are immense, traversing a few extents of protest scale.¹ In a general sense, 3D scanning looks to digitize this present reality to enable it to be interfaced with, by programming. The correct meaning of 3D scanning is tricky. Some have looked to catch 3D articles to produce 2D motion pictures from them, conceivably making 3D models all the while. Others have made restricted 3D scans from a little gathering of picture focuses, considering spots set on the person detected. Numerous carefully vivified films have been made utilizing this point-based approach.

This technology also has importance in the field of image processing. This consists of reverse engineering, quality control,² and digitally conserving historical artifacts. Scanning has additionally been utilized to survey the bearing limit of a piece of concrete, without annihilating or harming it, as is required by a few techniques. Educational³ and commercial institutions⁴ are also taking advantage of this technology by forming libraries of scanned objects, some of which can be found online. The work presented in the article⁵ is approximately in view of the idea made by Richard Ga...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedicaiton
• Table of Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Editors
• Contributors
• Section 1 Functional Reverse Engineering Activities in Pakistan
• Section 2 Sensors, Transducers, Printed Circuit Boards, and Control
• Section 3 Machine Tools and Computational Analysis
• Section 4 Modeling and Simulation
• Index