CHRONOLOGY OF THE POPULAR UPRISING
PILLARS of the STATE
JUNE 14, 2006
At 4:30 am police attempt to displace the teachersâ plantĂłn in the city center, using tear gas, firearms and helicopters in the attack. Thousands of people from around the city come to the teachersâ aid and after 5 hours of confrontation, the zĂłcalo is retaken from the police. The unionâs radio station and voice of the movement, Radio PlantĂłn, is targeted. Police brutalize station operators and destroy the broadcasting equipment. The movementâs radio transmission continues from Radio Universidad at the Benito JuĂĄrez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO) until the end of November.
JUNE 22, 2006
Ulises Ruiz convenes a march of support for the government, bribing and blackmailing people to participate. Such blatant corruption is denounced, many calling it the âMarch of Shameâ. This tension produces confrontations in several parts of the city.
JULY 2, 2006
Presidential elections are held in Mexico. Conservative PAN candidate Felipe Calderón wins by a slim margin over centerleft PRD candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador, amidst numerous reports of irregularities. In state elections in Oaxaca, the PRI loses the majority of state districts for the first time in history.
JULY 22, 2006
The studios of the movementâs new voice, Radio Universidad, are shot at with bullets by armed unknowns.
AUGUST 8, 2006
In another day of confrontations, Marcos GarcĂa Tapia, professor of dentistry at UABJO, is gunned down in the cityâs historic center.
AUGUST 9, 2006
In the Putla region of the state, members of the community organization MULTI (Independent Triqui Movement for Unification and Struggle) are ambushed by gunmen and three of the groupâs members are killed including 35 year-old AndrĂ©s Santiago Cruz, 70 year-old Pedro MartĂnez MartĂnez and 11 year-old Pablo Octavio MartĂnez MartĂnez. (Image IV)
AUGUST 10, 2006
Snipers attack a peaceful march convened by the teachersâ union, killing mechanic JosĂ© Jimenez Colmenares as he accompanies his wife, a member of the teachers union.
AUGUST 16, 2006
Retired teacher Gonzalo Cisneros Gautier is assassinated in Zaachila.
AUGUST 22, 2006
Public official and APPO sympathizer, Lorenzo San Pablo Cervantes is assassinated by state police forces near La Ley radio station.
SEPTEMBER 18, 2006 The PRI produced documents requesting the intervention of national security forces from the government. The teachersâ union agrees to return to classes immediately if Ulises Ruiz would resign. (Image V)
SEPTEMBER 30, 2006
Oaxaca becomes increasingly militarized as Army and Navy helicopters circle the capital city. 30 military trucks are deployed in the isthmus and reinforcement troops arrive by sea in Huatulco. This military presence makes the possibility of negotiation between the APPO and the government still more unlikely. (Image VI)
OCTOBER 2, 2006
Police open fire on the topiles in San Antonio de Castillo Velasco with AK-47âs, killing Arcadio FabiĂĄn HernĂĄndez Santiago.
OCTOBER 3, 2006
While marching from Oaxaca to Mexico City, JosĂ© Manuel Castro Patiño, a professor and member of the IxtlĂĄn section of the teachersâ union, dies from cardiac arrest as the march passes Amilcingo.
OCTOBER 14, 2006
APPO militant Alejandro GarcĂa HernĂĄndez is assassinated by a soldier.
OCTOBER 18, 2006
Gunmen attack members of the APPO returning from an assembly, killing teacher and APPO leader PĂĄnfilo HernĂĄndez.
OCTOBER 27, 2006
A statewide strike begins in the morning and the barricades are installed early in the day. A wave of violent and coordinated attacks are unleashed against the movement, and armed confrontation at barricades lead to the murders of at least 5 members of the movement: Emilio Alonso FabiĂĄn and EstebĂĄn LĂłpez Zurita in Santa MarĂa Coyotepec; Esteban RuĂz and Bradley Roland Will in Santa Lucia del Camino; and Eudcacia Olivero DĂaz en route to the hospital. The federal government uses these attacks as a pretext to send in Federal Police to Oaxaca, despite previous claims that the troops would not be sent.
OCTOBER 28, 2006
The federal government gives the APPO an ultimatum: âhand over Oaxaca or we will take it.â Thousands of troops from the Army, Navy and the Federal Preventive Police are deployed.
OCTOBER 29, 2006
Confrontations erupt throughout the city in resistance to the arrival of the Federal Preventative Police. The violence results in three more slain activists: JosĂ© Alberto LĂłpez Bernal dies from the impact of a tear gas canister; Fidel SĂĄnchez GarcĂa is stabbed by a group of masked men and Roberto LĂłpez HernĂĄndez falls in a confrontation at the Brenamiel barricade.
OCTOBER 31, 2006
Federal Police begin to take down barricades in the city, and their presence reinforces the intelligence and coordination of paramilitary groups carrying out attacks on the movement.
NOVEMBER 20, 2006
Around 2,000 demonstrators from the teachersâ union and the APPO march to celebrate 106 years of resistance in Mexico. A confrontation breaks out and, during 4 hours, police launch tear gas and marble bullets at protestors who defend themselves with rocks. More than 53 protestors are reported injured and many more are detained and tortured.
NOVEMBER 25, 2006
Hundreds of thousands attend the Seventh Megamarch to demand the departure of Ulises Ruiz and the Federal Police. Protestors encircle the PFP in order to hold a vigil in the city center for 48 hours. Fierce police repression leaves more than 140 injured and hundreds arrested, disappeared and tortured. Numerous buildings are destroyed by fireâpurportedly set by infiltrators as a pretext for the repression. (Image VII)
NOVEMBER 26, 2006
Protected by heavily armed police and helicopters, Ulises Ruiz holds a press conference in Santo Domingo to denounce the damages supposedly caused by protestors. Federal police raid houses in which APPO leaders are thought to be hiding; arbitrary detentions continue over the following days.
DECEMBER 3, 2006
Shortly after the announcement that negotiations would reopen between the APPO and the federal government, Marcelino Coache Verano, Ignacio Garcia Maldonado, Flavio and Horacio Sosa Villavicencio are arrested on their way to the negotiation table.
APRIL 13, 2007
David Venegas Reyes, APPO representative and member of VOCAL (Oaxacan Voices Constructing Autonomy and Liberty), is detained by plainclothes officers who plant drugs on his person as a pretext for his arrest.
JUNE 14, 2007
Thousands march to commemorate the one-year anniversary of the violent attempt to displace the teachersâ plantĂłn, and the subsequent formation of the APPO. Numerous aggressions are reported, including an attack against recently released former APPO spokesperson Marcelino Coache.
JULY 14, 2007
In preparation for the second annual Peopleâs Guelaguetza, state and federal police, together with the military, construct roadblocks leading to the Guelaguetza stadium to prevent the event from being held. The APPO declares a red alert and announces that the Guelaguetza will be held in the Plaza de la Danza.
JULY 16, 2007
Thousands march to celebrate the Peopleâs Guelaguetza when violence breaks out at the military and police blockade the Guelaguetza stadium. More than 60 are arrested and at least 50 are injured. Emeterio Marino Cruz is nearly killed and suffers permanent brain damage from the impact of a tear gas canister.
PILLARS of the PEOPLE
MAY 22, 2006
Teachers from the historically active Section XXII of the national teachersâ union officially initiate a strike and a plantĂłn, occupying 50 blocks in the cityâs center to demand more resources for education and better working conditions.
JUNE 2, 2006
The First Megamarch is convened when the government fails to act in response to the teachersâ demands; thousands take to the streets to demand a trial for repressive state governor Ulises Ruiz Ortiz.
JUNE 7, 2006
Between 120,000 and 200,000 people participate in the Second Megamarch. Various social and neighborhood organizations, unions and communities that have survived government repression hold a popular trial for Ulises Ruiz.
JUNE 15, 2006
Though a curfew was imposed in the city the previous night, teachers from Section XXII return to the...