Red State Blues

Martha Bayne

• Publisher: Belt Publishing
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781948742078
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Essays in Politics & International Relations
• Index: Politics & International Relations

Much has been made of the 2016 electoral flip of traditionally Democratic states like Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Ohio to tip Donald Trump into the presidency. Countless think pieces have explored this newfound exotic constituency of blue voters who swung red. But what about those who remain true blue? Red State Blues speaks to the lived experience of progressives, activists, and ordinary Democrats pushing back against simplistic narratives of the Midwest as "Trump Country." They've been there all along, and as the essays in this collection demonstrate, they're not leaving anytime soon. With contributions by journalist and scholar Sarah Kendzior, Kenyon College president Sean Decatur, Pittsburgh city councilman Dan Gilman, and more.

WHERE WE LIVE, WHO WE ARE

2004, EAST OF THE CROOKED CUYAHOGA

CHRIS DRABICK

Today, I picked the President.

I stood in line, in the rain. It wasn’t so bad. It was morning, seven o’clock or so. The temperature was climbing, but it was still pretty chilly. I wore a hooded jacket. Even though the polls had been open an hour or less, already there were lines, which we were told to expect.

When I pulled my trusty Chevy Prizm into the parking lot at Forest Hill Church in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, the plethora of campaign signs made me wonder about the separation of church and state. Bush/Cheney. Kerry/Edwards. Yes on Issue One. No on Issue One. Eric Fingerhut for Senate. Re-Elect George Voinovich. Here I was, about to do my civic duty in a house of worship. There were people milling about, some in rain slickers, with clipboards holding paper that would soon be soaked by the precipitation.

There were three lines snaking outside of the church, with no signage or officials to explain the reason or reasons for the separation. I chose one, shoved my hands in my pockets against the wet chill and looked around. People were asking one another what line they were in. Was this the line for Precinct A or Precinct B? No one knew. The lines grew behind me, with many of the voters asking the same unanswerable questions. How long have you been here? When is this rain going to stop? Who are those people outside? Did you see the guy with the walkie-talkie? Who was he talking to? No one knew.

The line moved forward, still growing behind me. We shuffled inside, the hallway dark and wet from the shoes that had already trudged through. I pulled the hood off my head. The walls were those beige concrete bricks that comprise what seems like a majority of the interior walls of postwar churches. We moved forward, one at a time, slowly, surely. Confidently.

We were picking the president. I was picking the president.

As the hallway curved to the right, the reason for the three separate lines became clear. Forest Hill was housing three separate precincts that day. I was new to this area; I’d never voted in Cleveland Heights before. The rest of the crowd was confused. People, voters, looked to their registration cards, trying to match their precinct to the line they’d chosen. Some had guessed incorrectly. There was movement, shuffling. People, voters, remained calm. Some bowed their heads and moved to the back of the line, out into the rain, ready to repeat the twenty-minute wait that brought them to this point. The line might have grown by that point, meaning a longer wait. A little old lady, her dark skin shriveled over her five-foot frame, looked at me with quizzical eyes.

“What precinct are you in?” she asked.

I told her. She asked if I would let her in line in front of me. Of course I would.

I was nervous. There was talk of problems at the front of the line. Registrations lost. People, voters, in the wrong building. Poll workers already getting short, annoyed, tired, stressed.

There had been talk for weeks about electronic voting machines, made by Deibold, an ultraconservative corporation from my semiconservative hometown of Canton, Ohio. People, voters, were worried that there could be monkey business associated with the electronic voting machines. Deibold was known to have made large donations to the Bush campaign. That made computer-vote tampering possible, maybe even likely, to the not-so-closeted conspiracy theorist in me. My mind wandered to that battered trade paperback I’d carted around since undergrad, Conspiracies, Cover-Ups and Crimes by Jonathan Vankin, written in 1992, in which brothers Ken and Jim Collier recount their experience with vote fraud in a local election in 1980 in Dade County, Florida, punctuated by something called a “hanging chad.” In a book published in 1992. “Hanging chad.” I was nervous.

To be fair, I was never in love with Senator John Kerry as a candidate. I’d preferred Howard Dean, who seemed ready to embrace progressivism, and would have made for some dynamite debates with Dubya had he just steered into the skid after that disastrous scream in Des Moines following his disappointing third-place finish in the Iowa caucuses. Kerry was a little milquetoast, too willing to run toward the middle in an attempt to sway those multifarious independent voters. Sure he had the pedigree, the “JFK” initials, the foreign policy experience that was needed that year. But I always liked the idea of promoting governors to the presidency—Clinton, Dukakis, my long-wished-for presidential campaign of former New York Governor Mario Cuomo—and “JFK” here was a senator. But what was I going to do? I would’ve voted for damn near anyone with a pulse who opposed Bush/Cheney.

I was there to pick the president.

The line shuffled forward. The fluorescent light from the large dining room that held the voting booths was visible in the short distance, but the hallway was so crowded with people, voters, that I couldn’t see what sort of machines lay in wait. The earlier antsiness of the people, voters, was replaced by a calmer vibe, probably owing to the fact that we’d all settled in our proper lines.

It had been over a decade since I stood in a similar line. I didn’t know what to expect. There were stories about invalid voter registration, precincts in Cuyahoga County that would be swarmed by Republican foot soldiers sent to challenge votes. I thought about the rain-slicker, clipboard people milling around outside. They may have been just those vote-challengers, ready to storm in and begin their day’s work at any moment. The front of the line seemed calm, though, and there didn’t appear to be any real trouble ahead. It was early, and things could change.

It was time. I signed the book. They waved me through. The machines were not electric, nor were they old-fashioned punch cards. Optical scan. Like filling in a multiple-choice exam in a large undergrad lecture course. Introduction to Voting. At least there would be a paper trail.

I took some time to look over the wording for Issue One, an amendment to the state constitution, the so-called “Gay Marriage Ban.” I didn’t pause in order to consider my vote, as I considered turning this down to be a no-brainer, personally. However, polling showed the measure to be a slam-dunk to pass, and I wondered if the other voters were taking the time to look at the actual language of what it was they were voting on. The amendment eliminated legal rights for all unmarried couples. There it was, in black and white. The homophobes probably didn’t even realize that one was being slipped by them. It was a trick really; a ploy designed by state Republicans to make certain that fired-up evangelicals would turn out in droves and, while they’re at it, cast a vote for their boy Dubya. It made me a little mad, but I didn’t want to hold things up, so I filled out the rest of my ballot quickly and efficiently.

I picked the president.

The rain had slowed to a brief stop as I left Forest Hill Church. The rain-slicker crowd was still milling around the parking lot. Maybe they were exit pollsters, I don’t know. I quickened my pace, not wanting to be interviewed or accosted or anything else, got into the Prizm and sped off to my job.

My duty was done. I’d made my voice heard for the first time in over a decade. I couldn’t be silent any longer. I couldn’t allow my abject fear of jury duty frighten me out of registering to vote. No matter how much I may have wanted to, I didn’t feel apathetic anymore. It was fun while it lasted.

There was a lengthy period of time during which I was not registered to vote. By lengthy, I mean years. It might be true that I was not registered to vote for longer than I was registered to vote, but I can’t be sure because I don’t exactly know what causes a voter to become an ex-voter. Or when. But it was years.

In and of itself, this might not seem absurd. I am, after all, a pristine example of a Gen Xer; born in 1971, overeducated and underemployed, a latch-key kid with all of the inherent and inherited irony that gave rise to things like twenty-plus years of The Simpsons. In retrospect, it sure was nice to have the requisite comfort that allowed us Gen Xers to be so cynical for so long. The bulk of my 1990s was spent in the bliss of political apathy. I didn’t vote in the 1996 general election, when Norm MacDonald’s Saturday Night Live version of Senator Bob Dole neatly summarized his “Chinaman’s chance” at winning the office. It was hard to vote against that guy.

Eventually, though, the Clinton presidency came to an end, the 2000 presidential election was decided in favor of George W. Bush by the Supreme Court, and it was a short ride from there to September 11, Afghanistan, the “Axis of Evil,” Iraq, and “Mission Accomplished.” The Clinton budget surplus came back to us in the form of $300 refund checks. Dubya had to go.

I remember little about my day at work that rainy November Tuesday. By the time my day was done, the polls were closed and I was ready to settle in and watch the results. I clicked around the networks and PBS for a bit, but it didn’t take me long to realize that the internet was providing the quickest returns. After some trial and error, I locked into CNN.com, where I was able to watch continuously updating returns broken down by state and county. My internet connection was speedy, and I smoked Camel Light after Camel Light, filling the small black ashtray that sat next to my second bottle of Goose Island Honker’s Ale. The polls were close, most of them showing a virtual statistical tie. In the final three Ohio polls before the election, Kerry carried a one-point lead in each, which in reality wasn’t worth a good goddamn anyway.

As minutes turned into hours, I watched the states turn red or blue. New York predictably went to Kerry. So did Massachusetts. Virginia was hard-fought but captured by Bush. New Jersey, closer than predicted, went for Kerry. Bush took North Carolina. All eyes turned on Florida, but Bush pulled comfortably ahead. Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia went to the Republican, too. Kerry held strong in Maryland, Maine and Michigan. But Ohio was too close to call.

The Central Time Zone states fell into place next. Kerry grabbed Illinois, but Bush routed him in Indiana. Iowa was close, but went red. Bush cleaned up in Kansas. Missouri wasn’t as tight as some thought it might be, and Bush easily took the state.

But Ohio was still too close to call.

The polls then closed in the Mountain Time Zone. No surprises in Idaho or Montana or Nebraska, where Kerry voters needn’t have bothered. New Mexico and Nevada were too close to call, and would stay that way for hours. But when the West closed up and California went to Kerry, as everyone knew it would, and Oregon and Washington turned blue, it was game on. New Mexico and Nevada were still up in the air, but with Pennsylvania’s twenty-one votes firmly in Kerry’s column, suddenly it was a numbers game.

It all came down to Ohio.

CNN.com posted county-by-county results, which updated with alarming frequency. I eschewed all other coverage, instead keeping my eyes focused on the monitor and my finger on the mouse. The smaller, rural counties tallied up some large pro-Bush numbers. Dubya took seventy percent or more of the votes in Auglaize, Clermont, Clinton, Hancock and Holmes. It was closer in the suburban counties, but Bush clung to leads in Lake, Medina, Butler and Delaware. The cities largely went for Kerry, with Franklin, Mahoning, Lucas, and Summit counties giving the challenger well over fifty percent of the vote, and because of the huge population differences between places like Columbus and Knox County, whose total population was less than 30,000, the margin stayed razor thin.

It all came down to Cuyahoga County.

I did the math in my head. If Kerry could pull seventy percent of the vote in my home county, he just might win this thing. This happened in 1964, with LBJ winning almost half a million votes. I thought about line that morning, in the rain. The line was confusing. People had to go to the back of the line and wait all over again. Did it get worse as the day went on? Did it get more confusing? What if enough voters had been turned away to keep Kerry from the seventy percent I was figuring he needed to win?

I thought about Conspiracies, Crimes and Cover-Ups again. I thought about the chapter in which it’s outlined how shifting a few thousand votes in key areas could’ve swung the ’88 election for Dukakis. I had the sinking feeling that “they” had picked their president.

Who are “they?” The millionaires and billionaires behind the “Swift Boat” attack ads on Kerry’s service in Vietnam. Those behind the official-looking notices sent to people, voters, in the Columbus area, explaining that due to the expected high turnout, registered Democrats were to vote on Wednesday, November 3rd. “They” are the dirty motherfuckers who sent out letters on bogus Lake County Board of Elections letterhead telling newly registered voters that they had been “illegally registered” and would not be eligible to vote until the next election. “They” are the employees in the Secretary of State’s office who decreased the number of voting machines available in Franklin County, so that machines were running at 90-100% over capacity, resulting in waits of three or four hours or even longer. The result was that Franklin County voter turnout was just over 60%, fully ten percentage points lower than the rest of the state. “They” are those responsible for successfully challenging individual voter registrations, resulting in over 155,000 so-called “provisional” ballots being issued, the vast majority of these occurrences being in urban centers. “They” are the those that purged 168,000 voters from Cuyahoga County between 2000 and 2004, resulting in mass confusion at the polls, with people, voters, showing up at the wrong precincts, waiting in the rain for hours, being told that they were no longer registered and subsequently adding to the many thousands of provisional ballots being cast, with fully one-third of that number being discarded (doubling the percentage from four years earlier). “They” are the 13,500 rural Southwest Ohio Republicans who voted for both Dubya and Democratic Chief Justice candidate C. Ellen Connally, a liberal Clevelander with little to no name recognition in a place like Sidney.

I picked the president, and “they” picked their president.

I watched the numbers swell for Kerry in Cuyahoga County. I wished I’d been able to go to the election-eve rally in downtown Cleveland with Bruce Springsteen, where tens of thousands of Kerry supporters overran Mall C, the Boss reminding the crowd to “believe in the promised land.” But votes could be shifted, maybe not by hanging chad this time, but maybe just by Issue One and disenfranchisement and purposefully long lines. I started to sense my old cynicism welling up, feeling that my vote wouldn’t matter. “They” had picked their president. The numbers continued to swell for Kerry in Cuyahoga County, but I’d seen the lines that morning at Forest Hill, and I knew without being told that there were lines elsewhere.

More than anyone else, the “they” of Ohio were represented by one man: Secretary of State J. Kenneth Blackwell.

It was J. Kenneth Blackwell who sent a letter threatening to fire the entire Cuyahoga County Board of Elections if they accepted provisional ballots in precincts other than where those voters were registered. It was J. Kenneth Blackwell who sent out voter registration forms, which he later refused to process because they were printed on incorrect paper stock. It was J. Kenneth Blackwell who was behind the Cuyahoga County voter purges, in which some neighborhoods saw as much as thirty percent of their numbers disenfranchised.

It can’t have been a coincidence that those Collier brothers in M...