Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things

Future Directions and Applications

Bhagirathi Nayak, Subhendu Kumar Pani, Tanupriya Choudhury, Suneeta Satpathy, Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Bhagirathi Nayak, Subhendu Kumar Pani, Tanupriya Choudhury, Suneeta Satpathy, Sachi Nandan Mohanty

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN:
  9781771889612
• eBook ISBN:
  9781000293333
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Networking
• Index: Computer Science

Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things: Future Directions and Applications explores a wide range of important and real-time issues and applications in this ever-advancing field. Different types of WSN and IoT technologies are discussed in order to provide a strong framework of reference, and the volume places an emphasis on solutions to the challenges of protection, conservation, evaluation, and implementation of WSN and IoT that lead to low-cost products, energy savings, low carbon usage, higher quality, and global competitiveness.

The volume is divided into four sections that cover:

• Wireless sensor networks and their relevant applications
• Smart monitoring and control systems with the Internet of Things
• Attacks, threats, vulnerabilities, and defensive measures for smart systems
• Research challenges and opportunities

This collection of chapters on an important and diverse range of issues presents case studies and applications of cutting-edge technologies of WSN and IoT that will be valuable for academic communities in computer science, information technology, and electronics, including cyber security, monitoring, and data collection. The informative material presented here can be applied to many sectors, including agriculture, energy and power, resource management, biomedical and health care, business management, and others.

PART I Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Relevant Application

CHAPTER 1 Intelligent 5G Networks: Challenges and Realization Insights

UPINDER KAUR^1*, and HARLEEN KAUR^2
1Department of Computer Science, Baba Farid College, Bathinda, Punjab, India
²Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Baba Farid College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda, Punjab, India
^*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

5G is the future generation network offering the variety of changes in the architecture of the core network. The network function virtualization and software-defined networking provide unconditional support to the emerging 5G network. This chapter highlights the evolutionary changes from 1G to 5G networks. Then it covers the important aspects for the realization of the 5G networks comprising the management of radio network, providing network service, mobility issue, and so on. This covers the complicated configuration issues and challenges for the future 5G network. Then it also creates a vision to solve the issue and overcome the challenges in 5G network by using the artificial intelligence (AI). Including the AI concepts to empower the 5G networks to meet the challenges of future generation networks. So, the main focus is to empower the 5G network with AI to acclaim intelligent 5G as a reality.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The emerging mobile network system from its pervasive coverage and fundamental Internet of Things (IoT) system provides innovation in terms of advanced network applications and new venture of creativity. The 5th generation networking withholds the new opportunities in the era of future technology like IoT, virtualization, big data, and virtual reality services. It involves the massive deployment of networking devices which will cross more than 75 billion by 2025 [1]. In contrast to the present technologies, 3G, 4G, and 5G networks support high frequencies and high spectrum efficiency. The evolution of 1G to 5G is shown in Table 1.1. There is a need of new procedure and policies for managing, signaling to support new application. 5G networks can provide extensive connectivity to the massive heterogeneous networking devices.

The objectivity of the 5G networks is to provide scalability and high speed for next generation technologies like IoT, AI and virtual reality, autonomous driving, smart cities in a sustainable and economical fashion. It requires the architectural modifications, new communication platforms, algorithms for proper utilization of the network function virtualization (NFV), edge computing, software-defined networking (SDN), and big data analytics. Some researchers have shown their promising result to support 5G networking requirements in Refs. [2–8]. The ongoing transactional changes in various domains originate new perspective for technical and management for 5G networks.

This chapter mainly addresses the challenges of 5G networks in different applications. We can demystify the challenges of 5G architectural changes in support of smart cities, IoT, big data, and so on. Some research work on the new opportunities for 5G to support the future prospective of technologies in various application domains can enlighten the path for development of 5G networking. The main objective of this chapter is to classify the new application domains for 5G. It may include the low latency, bandwidth requirement, communication range, better reliability, security, and privacy measures. We also discuss the challenges and ongoing experimental testbeds among different universities, network companies, government organizations, and so on. The remaining article provides the structure of 5G networking in Section 1.2. Section 1.3 provides the requirements and demands of the 5G networking. Section 1.4 provides the challenges and innovative projects with the conclusion and future prospective.

1.2 THE FUTURE GENERATION NETWORKS: 5G NETWORKING

The recent advancement in networks has created a multifarious application to enhance the lifestyle and include better mobility, social networking, e-health,

TABLE 1.1 Evolutions of Network Generations from 1G to 5G

Technology/Generation	Time	Bandwidth	Technology Used	Network	Multiplexing	Switching	Primary	Variations
1G	1970-0	2 kbps	Analog	PSTN	FDMA	Circuit	Analog Devices	Mobility
2G	1990-2004	64 kbps	Digital	PSTN	TDMA/CDMA	Circuit & Packet	Digital Devices & SMS	Security and Acceptance
3G	2004-2010	2 Mbps	CDMA 2000, UMTS, EDGE	Packet NW	CDMA	Packet	Phone Calls, Data and SMS Services	Reliablie and better services
4G	NOW	1 Gbps	Wi Max, WiFi, LTE	Internet	CDMA	Only Packet	All Services	Faster broadband and low network latency
5G	SOON	Higher than previous	WWWW	Internet	CDMA	All Packets	Advance and High Capacity data broadcast services	Better connectivity, better offloading and reduced latency and many more

and so on. Nowadays, Internet services have seen a rapid development over past times. The emerging technologies, for example, IoT, mobile and social network, fog computing, big data, and so much, are completely dependent on Internet application. This exhibits requirement of technological evolution in the present Internet services.

The evidence forms the conventional data exchange among p2p, www, social, and mobile networks with the emerging technologies and forthcoming tactile Internet [9–11]. 5G networks involve integration of physical devices and the digital data, covering the use case of many IoT devices. So the required service of 5G networking demands the high available speed, reliability, security, ultra-low latency, context aware services, and so on [12].

Further, the smart cities concept linked with the context of 5G networking. The smart cities integrate existing information sources with modern information sources and support the communication network for the unified access to services for the smart city administration and their residents. Thus, the main focus is associated with the enhancement of the use of current resources with the improvement in quality of services and reducing operational cost, for example, smart cities, automation vehicular network, IOTs, big data, and so on. Table 1.2 represents the requirements, application areas, and the proposed solutions for the prospective of 5G networ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Preface
• PART I: Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Relevant Application
• PART II: Smart Monitoring and Control System with the Internet of Things
• PART III: Attacks, Threats, Vulnerabilities and Defensive Measures for Smart Systems and Research Challenges
• Index