The SAGE Encyclopedia of Surveillance, Security, and Privacy

Bruce A. Arrigo

• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
• Year: 2016
• ISBN:
  9781483359960
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Intelligence & Espionage
• Index: Politics & International Relations

Although surveillance hit the headlines with revelations by Edward Snowden that the NSA had been tracking phone calls worldwide, surveillance of citizens by their governments actually has been conducted for centuries. Only now, with the advent of modern technologies, it has exponentially evolved so that today you can barely step out your door without being watched or recorded in some way. In addition to the political and security surveillance unveiled by the Snowden revelations, think about corporate surveillance: each swipe of your ID card to enter your office is recorded, not to mention your internet activity. Or economic surveillance: what you buy online or with a credit card is recorded and your trip to the supermarket is videotaped. Drive through a tollbooth, and your license plate is recorded. Simply walk down a street and your image is recorded again and again and again. Where does this begin and end?

In all levels of social structure, from the personal to the political to the economic to the judicial, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Surveillance, Security and Privacy uncovers and explains how surveillance has come to be an integral part of how our contemporary society operates worldwide and how it impacts our security and privacy.

Key features include:

· Approximately 450 signed articles, authored by prominent scholars from around the globe

· Further Readings and cross-references conclude each article to guide students further as they explore a topic

· A Reader's Guide organizes entries by broad thematic areas

Index

Entry titles and their page numbers are in bold. Page numbers follow the number of the volume they are found in (1:, 2:, 3:).

• Abducted children alerts program (AMBER Alerts), 1:35–37, 1:352, 1:353
• Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk, 1:22, 1:320, 3:879
• “Able Danger” program, 1:281
• Aborigines of Australia, 1:218
• Abortion, 1:1–4, 1:78
  • fascist states and, 2:385
  • pro-life movement, 2:766
  • Roe v. Wade, 1:37, 1:128, 2:766, 3:805–806
• Abu Ghraib, 1:5–7, 2:620, 2:779, 3:944–945
• Abu Sayyaf, 3:1113
• Access Agents, 1:152
• Accountability
  • Copwatching, 1:225–226
  • future of policing and, 2:761
  • moral agency, 1:21
  • responsibility, 3:860–862
  • See also Ethics; Inverse surveillance; Sousveillance; Transparency
• Acheson-Lillienthal Report, 2:700
• Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, 1:8–9, 2:547–548, 2:608, 3:906–907, 3:909
• Adorno, Theodor W., 1:9–12, 1:76, 1:248, 2:403, 2:404, 3:870
• Advance Passenger Information System (APIS), 2:732
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), 1:345–346
• Advertising and marketing research, 1:12–16
  • computer surveillance, 1:213
  • consumer watchdog groups and, 3:1119
  • cookies, 1:14, 1:221–223, 3:802
  • cybermarketing, 1:263–264
  • data mining and profiling, 1:280–281
  • Google and, 2:444–445
  • MySpace and, 2:643
  • See also Data mining
• ADX (Administrative Maximum Facility), 3:978
• Aerial reconnaissance and surveillance, 1:16–19
  • border surveillance, 2:496
  • CIA photoreconnaissance, 1:150, 1:154
  • Cold War era, 2:622–623, 3:994, 3:995
  • Cuban Missile Crisis and, 1:251, 3:995
  • drone technology, 1:325, 2:413, 2:496. See also Drones
  • drug trafficking interdiction, 1:332–333
  • espionage and, 1:364
  • Google Earth, 2:445–447
  • homing pigeons, 1:140
  • legal issues, 1:18–19
  • military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems, 2:622–626
  • modern U.S. manned military aircraft, 2:623–625
  • paparazzi and journalistic applications, 2:720–721
  • satellites, 1:18, 1:364, 3:995
  • speed enforcement, 2:472
  • UFO surveillance, 3:1055–1057
  • See also Drones; U-2 aircraft
• Affordable Care Act, 1:309–310, 2:738–740
• Afghanistan, 3:1112
  • al Qaeda and 9/11, 2:685, 3:1010–1011, 3:1112–1113
  • al Qaeda origins, 1:32
  • antiwar movement, 1:61
  • Bagram prison, 1:7
  • drug trade, 3:1010–1011
  • NATO and, 2:694, 2:695
  • 9/11 attack responses, 2:687–688, 3:1010–1011, 3:1112–1113, 3:1114–1115
  • private security contractors and, 2:619–620
  • Soviet intervention and U.S. response, 1:203–204
  • the Taliban, 3:1009–1012
  • U.S. use of drones, 1:323, 3:1011
  • WikiLeaks and, 3:1127
• Africa, great power interventions, 1:313–314
• Africa, U.S. counterterrorism activities, 3:1113
• African Americans
  • capital punishment and, 1:136
  • COINTELPRO operations versus, 1:196–197
  • racial segregation, 3:900–902
  • stop and frisk policy and, 3:970
  • War on Drugs and, 3:824, 3:918, 3:1110
  • See also Civil Rights Movement; Slavery
• African National Congress (ANC), 3:1024
• AFRICOM, 1:314
• Agamben, Giorgio, 1:110–111
• Agency, 1:20–21
  • autonomous, 1:80–81
  • moral, 1:21, 1:79–80
  • rational, 1:79
  • See also Autonomy
• Agnew, Spiro, 3:877
• AIDS disinformation campaign, 1:312
• AIDS/HIV, 2:584, 3:1013
• Air Force Intelligence, 2:514–515
• Air marshals, 3:1075, 3:1076
• Airborne warning and control system, 2:623
• Airport security, 1:22–26, 1:30, 3:1084
  • air...