Logic Liftoff

Grades 4-6

Bonnie L. Risby

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9781593630881
• eBook ISBN: 9781000494273
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Education
• Subtopic: Education Theory & Practice

This classic series will excite students' imaginations while enriching skills in logical thinking. Logic Liftoff problems are easy to incorporate into lesson plans and are formatted to enhance the fullest spectrum of curriculum areas while sharpening thinking skills. Challenging and instructional, these thought-provoking books present sequential exercises in logical reasoning that include relationships, analogies, syllogisms, sequences, deductive reasoning, inference, truth-values, and logical notation. Simple grids coupled with intriguing problems evoke enthusiasm and inspire students to higher and higher levels of thinking. Each book builds on concepts presented previously in the series to offer a comprehensive logic adventure for young thinkers.

The skills students build by using this book are applicable to several areas of the curriculum. Academic skills used in reading, math, writing, and science all depend on the ability to perceive and define relationships, sequence events, and form inferences. But, beyond the academic world, students will find logical thinking an integral part of everyday life.

This is the second in a three-book series designed to sharpen children's logical thinking skills. Once students have mastered Logic Countdown they are ready to meet new challenges in Logic Liftoff and Orbiting with Logic.

Grades 4-6

Lesson 1
Relationships

Name___________________________________

Use your reasoning ability to figure out what a hertog is.

Describe the characteristics that make something a hertog.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2
Relationships

Name___________________________________

Use your reasoning ability to find out what a jayzel is.

Describe the characteristics that make something a jayzel.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3
Relationships

Name___________________________________

Use your reasoning ability to find out what a notaddel is.

Describe the characteristics that make something a notaddel.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 4
Relationships

Name___________________________________

Use your reasoning ability to find out what a cinqueen Is.

Describe the characteristics that make something a cinqueen.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 5
Relationships

Name___________________________________

Here are lists that describe people or the things they like. Look for the relationship between each of the things on the list. Write the common characteristic.

1. Penelope likes milk but not coffee.
   Penelope likes snow but not rain.
   Penelope likes polar bears but not sun bears.
   Penelope likes salt but not pepper.
   Penelope likes ______________________________
2. Bill likes pepper but not salt.
   Bill likes cookies but not cake.
   Bill likes butter but not margarine.
   Bill likes jogging but not walking.
   Bill likes __________________________
3. Lisa likes Swiss cheese but not Cheddar cheese.
   Lisa likes doughnuts but not cookies.
   Lisa likes nuts but not bolts.
   Lisa likes needles but not pins.
   Lisa likes________________________________________
4. Mike is chubby but not fat.
   Mike is clumsy but not awkward.
   Mike is clever but not smart.
   Mike is creative but not inventive.
   Mike is__________________________________________
5. Myra likes soccer but not golf.
   Myra likes reading but not math.
   Myra likes cookies but not cake.
   Myra likes skateboards but not bikes.
   Myra likes_______________________________________
6. Kate likes lakes but not puddles.
   Kate likes elephants but not ants.
   Kate likes trees but not shrubs.
   Kate likes mountains but not mole hills.
   Kate likes____________ __________________________

Lesson 6
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Analogies are comparisons between two things. They compare features that are not always obvious. Finish the following analogies by choosing the set of pictures or figures that best completes each sentence. Write the correct letter on the line.

Lesson 7
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following analogies by choosing the set of pictures or figures that best completes each sentence.

Lesson 8
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name____________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space.

Example grape : vine :: apple : tree

1. gallon : quart :: hour:______
   • a. clock
   • b. day
   • c. time
   • d. minute
2. see : behold :: distinct :______
   1. fuzzy
   2. vague
   3. clear
   4. disturb
3. beagle : dalmatian :: appaloosa :______
   1. horse
   2. palomino
   3. herd
   4. stallion
4. penthouse: skyscraper :: summit:_______
   1. climb
   2. peak
   3. mountain
   4. snow
5. tribe : Sioux :: cheese : ____
   1. milk
   2. mouse
   3. age
   4. Cheddar
6. mirror : looking glass:: disappear :______
   1. vanish
   2. appear
   3. reflection
   4. magic
7. spoon : spoons :: elf :______
   1. fairy
   2. leprechaun
   3. tiny
   4. elves
8. snow : skiing :: ice :______
   1. cold
   2. slick
   3. hockey
   4. frozen
9. noise : silence :: steadfast :______
   1. steady
   2. soldier
   3. quiet
   4. unreliable
10. child : skip :: duckling :____
    1. ugly
    2. egg
    3. waddle
    4. downy
11. beige : brown :: mauve :______
    1. gray
    2. light
    3. purple
    4. color
12. cotton : fabric :: schooner:_____
    1. sailing
    2. wooden
    3. scorpion
    4. ship

Lesson 9
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example afar: near :: beautiful : ugly

1. silence : stillness :: examine:______
   1. inspect
   2. doctor
   3. teeth
   4. failure
2. basket : straw :: vase :______
   1. pitcher
   2. flower
   3. cracked
   4. ceramic
3. piano : violin :: cantaloupe :______
   1. slice
   2. seed
   3. watermelon
   4. vine
4. roof : house :: crest :______
   1. climb
   2. hill
   3. crust
   4. fall
5. solution : answer :: test :______
   1. spelling
   2. difficult
   3. trial
   4. tests
6. planet : Venus :: fruit :______
   1. vegetable
   2. harvest
   3. tree
   4. banana
7. tolerant : prejudiced :: indifferent :________
   1. boy
   2. curious
   3. different
   4. time

   

8. owl : owls :: louse :______
   1. loose
   2. mouse
   3. lose
   4. lice
9. ant : colony :: outlaw :______
   1. gang
   2. crime
   3. sheriff
   4. lawyer
10. kite : fly :: wagon :________
    1. wheel
    2. horse
    3. roll
    4. bike
11. mold : shape :: inhabit:_______
    1. moldy
    2. inhibit
    3. reside
    4. habit
12. initial : last :: obnoxious :_______
    1. orthodox
    2. pleasant
    3. disagreeable
    4. punishment

Lesson 10
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example three : triangle :: five : pentagon

1. chance : risk :: reliable : _____
   1. help
   2. dare
   3. driver
   4. dependable
2. Mississippi : river :: petunia :______
   1. flower
   2. garden
   3. violet
   4. purple
3. pear : apple :: blond : ________
   1. girl
   2. hair
   3. brunette
   4. curl
4. brief : lengthy :: comedy : ________
   1. laugh
   2. funny
   3. slapstick
   4. tragedy
5. carpenter : saw :: judge : ______
   1. lawyer
   2. gavel
   3. decision
   4. courtroom
6. bewildered : perplexed :: vague :______
   1. chicken
   2. vogue
   3. happy
   4. unclear
7. flowers : flower :: axes : _____
   1. hatchet
   2. chop
   3. trees
   4. ax
8. kangaroo : mob :: aborigine :______
   1. tribe
   2. hunt
   3. spear
   4. abnormal
9. fork : silver :: table : ____
   1. chair
   2. kitchen
   3. leg
   4. mahogany
10. serene : excited :: north : ____
    1. south
    2. pole
    3. snow
    4. west
11. editorial : newspaper :: verse :______
    1. opinion
    2. poem
    3. comics
    4. version
12. regatta : boats :: meet : ____
    1. meeters
    2. swimmers
    3. competition
    4. parting

Lesson 11
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example thing : noun :: action : verb

1. grove : tree :: pride : ____
   1. Africa
   2. lion
   3. hunt
   4. mane
2. nation : Australia :: illness :______
   1. sickness
   2. measles
   3. fever
   4. clinic
3. blue : purple :: pie : ____
   1. bake
   2. sweet
   3. lemon
   4. cake
4. shoe : shoes :: baby : ____
   1. infant
   2. cry
   3. babies
   4. bottle
5. scissors : barber :: tractor :______
   1. plant
   2. field
   3. farmer
   4. plow
6. wager : bet :: genuine : ____
   1. gem
   2. content
   3. authentic
   4. counterfeit
7. leather : purse :: wool : ____
   1. knit
   2. sheep
   3. nylon
   4. sweater

   

8. first : final :: funny :____
   1. joke
   2. comic
   3. tickle
   4. sad
9. closet : coat :: pantry : ____
   1. book
   2. potato
   3. sweater
   4. larder
10. redwood : spruce :: reindeer :______
    1. snow
    2. Santa Claus
    3. antelope
    4. leap
11. classical : music :: ballet : ____
    1. slipper
    2. graceful
    3. company
    4. dance
12. kangaroo : marsupial :: bamboo :______
    1. tropics
    2. grass
    3. Australian
    4. bamboozle

Lesson 12
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example excavate : shovel :: navigate : compass

1. dispatch : send :: taxi : ____
   1. street
   2. driver
   3. fare
   4. cab
2. plastic : beach ball :: concrete :______
   1. hard
   2. solid
   3. patio
   4. rocks
3. clay : siIt :: barley : ____
   1. barely
   2. grow
   3. millet
   4. field
4. fireman : hose :: catcher : ____
   1. pitcher
   2. mitt
   3. outfield
   4. slide
5. transport: convey :: mariner :______
   1. ancient
   2. ocean
   3. sailor
   4. ship
6. star: constellations :: gnat :______
   1. swarm
   2. pest
   3. fruit
   4. nap
7. coin : dime :: music : ____
   1. play
   2. sound
   3. note
   4. rock ‘n roll
8. ornamentation : simplicity :: modesty : ____
   1. vanity
   2. girl
   3. model
   4. man
9. bears : bear :: leaves : ____
   1. rake
   2. fall
   3. tree
   4. leaf
10. refrigerator : kitchen :: typewriter :______
    1. ribbon
    2. office
    3. paper
    4. typist
11. tachometer : speed :: barometer :______
    1. temperature
    2. weather
    3. bars
    4. atmospheric pressure
12. barrister : law :: thespian : ____
    1. drama
    2. defendent
    3. audience
    4. poetry

Lesson 13
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example menace : troublesome :: assistant: helpful

1. tire : rubber :: street : ____
   1. avenue
   2. puncture
   3. asphalt
   4. lane
2. furrow : groove :: tranquil : ____
   1. excited
   2. serene
   3. swan
   4. quilt
3. Idaho : state :: bicycle : ____
   1. brake
   2. pedal
   3. vehicle
   4. rack
4. Catholic : church :: lobster :______
   1. ocean
   2. crab
   3. broiled
   4. crustacean
5. knowledge : ignorance :: gamble :______
   1. dice
   2. risk
   3. cards
   4. certainty
6. measuring cup : chef :: goggles :_______
   1. cook
   2. glass
   3. diver
   4. geese
7. chasm : gulf :: velocity :_______
   1. velour
   2. sad
   3. speed
   4. velvet
8. eye : eyes :: man :_______
   1. son
   2. men
   3. guy
   4. fellow
9. newsprint : paper :: tweed :______
   1. help
   2. two
   3. weed
   4. fabric
10. Cairn terrier : Irish setter :: cypress :______
    1. duck
    2. knee
    3. elm
    4. swamp
11. inhale : breathe :: ingest :_______
    1. gestation
    2. lungs
    3. swallow
    4. living
12. beetle : insect :: platypus :_______
    1. mammal
    2. fish
    3. marsupial
    4. duck

    

Lesson 14
Pictorial and Figural Analogies

Name___________________________________

Finish the following statements by choosing the word that best completes each analogy. Consider carefully the relationship between the first two members of the analogy. Then look for the same relationship between the second two members of the analogy.

Example ten : decade :: one hundred : century.

1. wig : toupee :: spine : ____
   1. posture
   2. backbone
   3. orthopedics
   4. flexible
2. cardboard : box :: silk : ____
   1. worm
   2. weave
   3. blouse
   4. oriental
3. ruby : emerald :: Danish : ____
   1. pastry
   2. ham
   3. Icelandic
   4. diamond
4. child : children :: hat : ____
   1. brim
   2. cap
   3. hats
   4. beret
5. sharp : keen :: cut : ____
   1. sword
   2. slice
   3. knife
   4. scissors
6. awl : cobbler :: rope : ____
   1. twine
   2. jute
   3. sailor
   4. hemp
7. city : Omaha :: weed : ____
   1. herbicide
   2. hoe
   3. crabgrass
   4. garden
8. fragrance : stench tarnished :______
   1. andiron
   2. silver
   3. polished
   4. brass
9. topaz : garnet :: hibiscus : ____
   1. jonquil
   2. flower
   3. petal
   4. blossom
10. hickory : maple :: Parmesan :______
    1. cheese
    2. Cheddar
    3. milk
    4. goat
11. hydrogen : water :: sodium :______
    1. oxygen
    2. salt
    3. carbon dioxide
    4. mineral
12. smooth : rough :: stingy :______
    1. president
    2. generous
    3. stringy
    4. cheap

    

Lesson 15
Sequences

Nam...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• For the Instructor
• Contents
• Relationships
• Lessons 1-5
• Analogies
• Lessons 6-14
• Sequences
• Lessons 15-20
• Syllogisms
• Lessons 21-25
• Deduction
• Lessons 27-38
• Inferencing
• Lessons 39-45
• Logical Reasoning
• Lessons 46-48
• Logical Notation
• Lessons 49-56
• Answers