Kirk & Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment

Richard B. Ford, Elisa Mazzaferro

• Publisher: Saunders
• Year: 2011
• Print ISBN: 9781437707984
• eBook ISBN: 9781437707991
• Edition: 9
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Veterinary Medicine

Provide expert care for cats and dogs! Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment, 9th Edition covers not only the management of emergency conditions, but also strategies for dealing with hundreds of routine diagnostic and treatment challenges in small animals. Its user-friendly format provides instant access to vital information -- making it an ideal resource in emergency situations -- and it is conveniently organized by both body systems and presenting signs to help you easily reach a diagnosis and determine a treatment plan for all clinical situations. Written by veterinary experts Richard Ford and Elisa Mazzaferro, Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment provides current guidelines for small animal emergency care and the diagnostic procedures most commonly performed in a busy, team-oriented practice.- Step-by-step instructions and illustrations are provided for all major emergency and non-emergency clinical procedures.- A logical, easy-to-use format lists all emergency conditions in alphabetical order, and includes quick reference boxes calling out key information such as clinical tips and cautions.- Clear, concise guidelines help you evaluate clinical signs and laboratory test data.- Clinical algorithms make it easier to identify and treat abnormalities.- Guidelines for assessment and treatment include practical advice and solutions, how to examine the small animal patient using a body systems and problem list approach, and a review of basic diagnostic procedures used in daily practice.- Coverage of toxicological emergencies describes how to manage exposures and poisonings.- A quick reference guide to the management of the emergency patient is conveniently located on the inside cover.- A comprehensive drug formulary makes lookup easy, and includes proprietary names, actions/use of each drug, formulations, recommended dosages, and special precautions, with emergency medications highlighted for fast reference- This all-in-one reference includes practical coverage of emergency procedures, physical assessment in sickness and health, routine and advanced testing procedures, diagnostic tests sampling, preparation, procedures, and interpretation.- Quick Reference boxes include potential causes of each clinical abnormality and associated signs, step-by-step diagnostic plans, and clinical algorithms.- The latest vaccination guidelines include protocols for dogs and cats at low, medium, and high risk of exposure to infectious diseases.- Updated coverage keeps you current with the latest on pain assessment, prevention, and treatment.

Section I Emergency Care

Elisa M. Mazzaferro, Richard B. Ford

Prehospital management of the injured animal

Survey of the Scene,

Initial Examination,

Preparation for Transport,

Initial emergency examination, management, and triage

Primary Survey and Emergency Resuscitation Measures,

Ancillary Diagnostic Evaluation,

Summary of Patient Status,

The Rapidly Decompensating Patient,

Emergency diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

Abdominal Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage,

Bandaging and Splinting Techniques,

Blood Component Therapy,

Central Venous Pressure Measurement,

Fluid Therapy,

Orogastric Lavage,

Oxygen Supplementation,

Pulse Oximetry,

Capnometry (End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitoring),

Thoracocentesis,

Tracheostomy,

Urohydropulsion,

Vascular Access Techniques,

Pain: assessment, prevention, and management

Physiologic Impact of Untreated Pain,

Recognition and Assessment of Pain,

Acute Pain Management for Emergent, Critical or Intensive Care, and Trauma Patients,

Pharmacologic Means to Analgesia: Major Analgesics,

Analgesia: Minor Analgesics,

Adjunctive Analgesic Drugs,

Local and Regional Techniques for the Emergent Patient,

Emergency management of specific conditions

Acute Condition in the Abdomen,

Adjunctive Therapies,

Anaphylactic (Anaphylactoid) Shock,

Angioneurotic Edema and Urticaria,

Anesthetic Complications and Emergencies,

Bleeding Disorders,

Burns,

Cardiac Emergencies,

Ear Emergencies,

Electrical Injury and Electrical Shock,

Emergencies of the Female Reproductive Tract and Genitalia,

Emergencies of the Male Genitalia and Reproductive Tract,

Environmental and Household Emergencies,

Fractures and Musculoskeletal Trauma,

Gastrointestinal Emergencies,

Hypertension: Systemic,

Metabolic Emergencies,

Neurologic Emergencies,

Ocular Emergencies,

Oncologic Emergencies,

Poisons and Toxins,

Respiratory Emergencies,

Pulmonary Diseases,

Superficial Soft Tissue Injuries,

Shock,

Management of the Shock Patient,

Thromboembolism: Systemic,

Urinary Tract Emergencies,

Prehospital management of the injured animal

Survey of the scene

1. Call for help! At the accident scene, it usually takes more than one person to assist the animal and prevent injury to the animal and human bystanders.

2. If an accident has occurred in a traffic zone, alert oncoming traffic regarding the injured animal in the road. Make sure you have a piece of clothing or other object to alert oncoming traffic. Do not become injured yourself because oncoming traffic cannot see or identify you!

3. If the animal is conscious, prevent yourself from becoming injured while moving the animal to a safe location. Use a belt, rope, or piece of long cloth to make a muzzle to secure around the animal’s mouth and head. If this is not possible, cover the animal’s head with a towel, blanket, or coat before moving it, to prevent the animal from biting you.

4. If the animal is unconscious or is unconscious and immobile, move it to a safe location with a back support device that can be made from a box, door, flat board, blanket, or sheet.

Initial examination

1. Is there a patent airway? If airway noises are present or the animal is stuporous, gently and carefully extend the head and neck. If possible, extend the tongue. Wipe mucus, blood, or vomitus from the mouth. In unconscious animals, maintain head and neck stability.

2. Look for signs of breathing. If there is no evidence of breathing or the gum color is blue, begin mouth-to-nose breathing. Encircle the muzzle area with your hands to pinch down on the gums, and blow into the nose 15 to 20 times per minute.

3. Is there evidence of cardiac function? Check for a palpable pulse on the hind legs or for an apex beat over the sternum. If no signs of cardiac function are found, begin external cardiac compressions at 80 to 120 times per minute.

4. Is there any hemorrhage? Use a clean cloth, towel, paper towel, or disposable diaper or feminine hygiene product to cover the wound. Apply firm pressure to slow hemorrhage and prevent further blood loss. Do not use a tourniquet, because this can cause further damage. Apply pressure, and as blood seeps through the first layer of bandage material, place a second layer over the top.

5. Cover any external wounds. Use a clean bandage material soaked in warm water, and transport the animal to the nearest veterinary emergency facility. Address penetrating wounds to the abdomen and thorax immediately.

6. Are there any obvious fractures present? Immobilize fractures with homemade splints made of newspaper, broom handles, or sticks. Muzzle the awake animal before attempting to place any splints. If a splint cannot be attached safely, place the animal on a towel or blanket and transport the animal to the nearest veterinary emergency facility.

7. Are there any burns? Place wet, cool towels over the burned area and remove as the compress warms to body temperature.

8. Wrap the patient to conserve heat. If the animal is shivering or in shock, wrap it in a blanket, towel, or coat and transport it to the nearest veterinary emergency facility.

9. Is the animal experiencing heat-induced illness (heat stroke)? Cool the animal with room-temperature wet towels (not cold) and transport it to the nearest veterinary emergency facility.

Preparation for transport

1. Call ahead! Let the facility know that you are coming. Be prepared by having emergency numbers and locations available. The police or sheriff’s department may be able to aid in locating the nearest veterinary emergency facility.

2. Line upholstery with plastic bags or sheeting to prevent soilage, when possible.

3. Move the injured patient carefully. Use the same approach as moving the animal from the pavement.

4. Drive safely. Do not turn one accident into two. Ideally, have a bystander or friend or family member drive while another person stays in the backseat with the animal.

Initial emergency examination, management, and triage

Examination of the acutely injured animal that is unconscious, in shock, or demonstrating acute hemorrhage or respiratory distress must proceed simultaneously with immediate aggressive lifesaving treatment. Because there often is no time for detailed history taking, diagnosis is largely based on the physical examination findings and simple diagnostic tests. Triage is the art and practice of being able to assess patients rapidly and sort them according to the urgency of treatment required. Immediate recognition and prompt treatment ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Preface
• Foreword
• Section 1: Emergency Care
• Section 2: Patient Evaluation and Organ System Examination
• Section 3: Clinical Signs
• Section 4: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
• Section 5: Laboratory Diagnosis and Test Protocols
• Section 6: Charts and Tables
• Index