BLACKWELL'SFIVE-MINUTE VETERINARYCONSULT REPTILE AND AMPHIBIAN
STAY UP TO DATE ON THE BEST PRACTICES FOR TREATING COMMON DISEASES IN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian ?delivers a comprehensive exploration of the treatment of the most common diseases and disorders in reptiles and amphibians. The book is organized for quick and easy access to information, acting as an indispensable resource for veterinarians engaged in the care of chelonians, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and amphibians.
The book offers readers guidance from leading international voices in the field of reptile and amphibian care, packaged in a perfect clinical manual. Diagnostic and treatment information is laid out in a logical, stepwise fashion.
Readers will also enjoy access to a companion website that provides users with printable history and physical exam forms, images that illustrate venipuncture and intravenous catheterization techniques in various amphibian and reptile groups, and images that illustrate methods of sexing reptiles.?The ideal practical manual for veterinary practitioners and students seeking accessible and authoritative information on reptiles and amphibians, the book also offers:
The treatment of common diseases and disorders in chelonians, including upper respiratory tract disease, cloacal prolapse, aural abscesses, and shell rot
The treatment of common diseases in lizards, including hypovitaminosis A, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, cryptosporidiosis, abscesses, and fungal infections
The treatment of diseases affecting snakes, including dysecdysis, lower respiratory tract disease, inclusion body disease, stomatitis, and paramyxovirus
A comprehensive exploration of the treatment of diseases affecting crocodilians, ?including West Nile virus, chlamydiosis, trauma, abscesses, and gout
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian ?is an indispensable reference for veterinary practitioners, students, residents, and interns who wish to improve their understanding and care of chelonians, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and amphibians.
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Yes, you can access Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Reptile and Amphibian by Javier G. Nevarez in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Medicine & Veterinary Medicine. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
Abscesses are non‐fluctuating hard masses of variable size, formed by concentric layers of purulent material in which the outermost layer has the most liquid consistency. All purulent material is contained in a fibrous capsule. Coloration ranges from brown to yellow. Adhesions occasionally occur with adjacent tissues. There are no general symptoms if the abscesses do not result from a systemic infection (salmonellosis, pseudomoniasis, microsporidiosis, etc.). Dermal abscesses in reptiles evolve from external wounds, ectoparasites or contamination by direct contact with feces or water with a high bacterial population, all of which may be exacerbated by immunosuppression.
ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Abscesses can be a result of local or systemic infections.
Local infections are typically isolated to the skin and are caused by contamination of wounds with environmental, fecal, or normal flora leading to abscess formation.
The existence of local infections in the skin is very frequent.
Cultures show a high causative flora including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Systemic infections may also lead to abscess formation, particularly in internal organs.
Some local abscesses may spread and become systemic if environmental conditions are favorable.
In some cases, abscesses may also be the manifestation of systemic diseases (e.g., Microsporidium in Pogona).
SIGNALMENT/HISTORY
There is no specific signalment for the occurrence of abscesses.
The main focus should be on obtaining a thorough history of the husbandry and social interactions of the reptiles.
A history of aggression in a group of reptiles may contribute to the appearance of abscesses.
Poor cleanliness and hygiene of the enclosure can lead to increase environmental bacterial load that can contribute to skin lesions and abscess formation.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Reptiles may present with cutaneous abscesses ranging in size from a few millimeters to larger ones that are centimeters in diameter. They can either be freely moveable or firmly attached to the underlying tissues.
Some of these abscesses become chronic and expel a malodorous, purulent discharge.
The content of the abscess is mostly caseous in nature.
Sometimes abscesses can affect nearby bones, and animals may present with lameness.
Dysecdysis may also be observed in association with the abscess or through the animal’s body.
In iguanas, the most affected parts are the sides, the jaw, the ventral zone, and the tail.
RISK FACTORS
Husbandry
Husbandry factors that can contribute to the appearance of abscesses are poor hygiene and overpopulation leading to increased bacterial load in the enclosure and possibly stress and immunosuppression.
Rough substrate or surfaces in the terrarium can lead to cuts or abrasions that may become infected.
Inappropriate diet and/or UVB exposure may also lead to a weakened immune status.
Others
N/A
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Chronic dysecdysis
Blister disease
Limb fractures may have symptoms similar to osteolytic abscesses at the same extremities (limb malposition, lameness, etc.)
DIAGNOSTICS
Cytology
Cytology can be used as the first screening tool to identify whether a mass is an abscess, either via an aspirate or an impression smear of the material within.
Abscesses usually reveal a large number of leukocytes, cellular detritus, tissue remnants, and desquamation of cells.
Infectious organisms may also be observed, but their ab...
