In Fitting Memory
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In Fitting Memory

The Art and Politics of Holocaust Memorials

Sybil Milton

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eBook - ePub

In Fitting Memory

The Art and Politics of Holocaust Memorials

Sybil Milton

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About This Book

In Fitting Memory, a critical survey of Holocaust memorials and monuments in Europe, Israel, and the United States, focuses on the archeological remains at the original sites of Nazi terror that constituted the first postwar memorials. The Holocaust is defined here as the collective designation for the Nazi mass murder of Jews, Gypsies, and the handicapped, and for the related persecution of Soviet prisoners of war and other ideological opponents. Featuring text and photographs, the book shows how, since 1945, memorials and monuments have served not only as secular shrines but also as temporal institutions reflecting changing public constituencies and distinctive political, social, and cultural contexts. Sybil Milton poses two vital and provocative questions about the memorials built since the end of World War II: to whose memory were they built and how fitting are they? The Holocaust is a sensitive subject whose representation demands accuracy and tact. This volume, the first study of the institutionalization of public memory, demonstrates how various nations, politicians, and designers have attempted to do justice to this subject in public art and sculpture, and shows how national origin, ethnic allegiance, political ideology, and prevailing artistic style determined how memorials were commissioned and installed. His book also provides an analysis of the complex interrelationship between authentic historic sites, disparate and ephemeral representations of history, and the changing political and aesthetic balance between commemoration and escapism. In Fitting Memory includes 127 specially commissioned photographs by Ira Nowinski from seven European countries, the United States, and Israel. Nine additional photographs are by photographers from Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. The riveting images provide the reader with a visual tour of these memorials. Along with an annotated bibliography, the volume also contains a comprehensive list of memorials in Europe, the United States, and Israel. An essential tool for those interested in visiting the memorial sites, the book also provides a critical analysis for serious researchers.The Holocaust is a sensitive subject whose representation demands accuracy and tact. This volume, the first study of the institutionalization of public memory, demonstrates how various nations, politicians, and designers have attempted to do justice to this subject in public art and sculpture, and shows how national origin, ethnic allegiance, political ideology, and prevailing artistic style determined how memorials were commissioned and installed. This book also provides an analysis of the complex interrelationship between authentic historic sites, disparate and ephemeral representations of history, and the changing political and aesthetic balance between commemoration and escapism. In Fitting Memory includes 127 specially commissioned photographs by Ira Nowinski from seven European countries, the United States, and Israel. Nine additional photographs are by photographers from Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States. The riveting images provide the reader with a visual tour of these memorials. Along with an annotated bibliography, the volume also contains a comprehensive list of memorials in Europe, the United States, and Israel. An essential tool for those interested in visiting the memorial sites, the book also provides a critical analysis for serious researchers.

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Information

Year
2018
ISBN
9780814343760
SIX
SELECTED LIST OF HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL SITES
I. EUROPE
Austria
Lackenbach
LACKENBACH INTERNMENT AND TRANSIT CAMP
Marktgemeinde Lackenbach, Burgenland
Gypsy memorial consisting of basalt stones from the Pauliberg quarry, where Gypsies had once done forced labor. No remaining historic buildings.
Mauthausen
MAUTHAUSEN CONCENTRATION CAMP
Ca. 2 miles from the town of Mauthausen and 14 miles from the city of Linz, Upper Austria
CAMP SITE
Intact structure, including gate, wall, guard towers, prisoner barracks, crematorium, the infamous 186 steps (Todesstiege), the quarry, and historical exhibitions.
POSTWAR MEMORIALS
A sculpture park located on the terrain between the former concentration camp and the quarry steps, includes 22 sculptures designated Memorials of the Nations and more than 30 inscribed plaques and stones.
The Memorials of the Nations were erected by the following countries and associations (some erected more than one memorial): Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, German Democratic Republic, German Federal Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Committee for Jewish Victims of Mauthausen, Jewish Youth of Austria, and Spanish Republican Deportees.
Memorial plaques and stones include those from Norway, Romania, and Switzerland; the cities of Parma and Padua; and numerous private individuals.
Vienna
DOCUMENTATION ARCHIVE OF THE AUSTRIAN RESISTANCE (DÖW)
Wipplingerstrasse 8
Documentation center on Nazi terror in Austria, and exhibition about the persecution and resistance of Austrians, including Jews, throughout Europe, 1933–45.
Vienna
MONUMENT AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM
Albertina Square at the intersection of Augustiner Strasse and Operngasse
Controversial Monument against War and Fascism designed by Alfred Hrdlicka and installed in November 1989 on the triangular plot adjacent to the State Opera House and the Albertina Museum, where 300 victims of an air raid perished in March 1945. The monument consists of four parts: three sections are made from Carrara marble and granite quarried at Mauthausen; the Jewish figure is cast in bronze. The four sections include: “The Gate of Violence” (Das Tor der Gewalt) commemorating Austrian victims of the Nazis and the war; the bronze center figure of “The Prostrate Jew,” an elderly bearded Jew with yarmulke, kneeling with toothbrush (commemorating the humiliation of Viennese Jews in 1938 forced to scrub streets) with barbed wire added on his back (when the monument was redesigned to prevent tourists from using the sculpture as a bench); “Orpheus Descending to Hades”; and “The Stone of the Republic.” Explanatory panels in six languages have been added because of the complex and not always successful iconography.
Belgium
FORT BREENDONK CONCENTRATION CAMP
Between Brussels and Antwerp, 8 miles north of Mechelen
Concentration camp, including memorial to the Belgian resistance; historical exhibitions.
Brussels
MEMORIAL TO THE JEWISH MARTYRS
Memorial to be erected on rue Georges Charpentier in the Anderlecht section of the city.
Czechoslovakia
Lidice
14 miles north of Prague, near Kladno on route 7
Memorial and exhibition in the town obliterated by the Germans, June 1942, in reprisal for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich.
Prague
PINKUS SYNAGOGUE
Located in the historic Jewish quarter of Prague
Memorial walls inscribed with the names of more than 77,000 Bohemian and Moravian Jewish victims.
Prague
Trida Politkckych Veznu 20
Former Gestapo headquarters and prison in the old Petschek Palace.
Terezin (Theresienstadt...

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