A Step Towards Society 5.0

Research, Innovations, and Developments in Cloud-Based Computing Technologies

Shahnawaz Khan, Thirunavukkarasu K., Ayman AlDmour, Salam Salameh Shreem, Shahnawaz Khan, Thirunavukkarasu K., Ayman AlDmour, Salam Salameh Shreem

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• Print ISBN: 9780367685461
• eBook ISBN: 9781000465280
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Data Mining
• Index: Computer Science

This book serves the need for developing an insight and understanding of the cutting-edge innovation in Cloud technology. It provides an understanding of cutting-edge innovations, paradigms, and security by using real-life applications, case studies, and examples.

This book provides a holistic view of cloud technology theories, practices, and future applications with real-life examples. It comprehensively explains cloud technology, design principles, development trends, maintaining state-of-the-art cloud computing and software services. It describes how cloud technology can transform the operating contexts of business enterprises. It exemplifies the potential of cloud computing for next-generation computational excellence and the role it plays as a key driver for the 4th industrial revolution in Industrial Engineering and a key driver for manufacturing industries.

Researchers, academicians, postgraduates, and industry specialists will find this book of interest.

1Digitalization to Society 5.0The New Paradigm

Mohammad Haider Syed

DOI: 10.1201/9781003138037-1

Contents

1. 1.1Introduction
2. 1.2Architecture of Cloud Computing
3. 1.3Characteristics of Cloud Computing
4. 1.4Industry 4.0
5. 1.5Industry 4.0 Challenges
6. 1.6Society 5.0
7. 1.7Society 5.0: Risks and Challenges
8. 1.8Google Search Trends
9. 1.9Conclusion

1.1 Introduction

Human evolution and its needs have forced humans to create innovative ideas and artefacts. With the development of the scriptures, people started recording their data on stones, and the like. These scriptures are of immense value in understanding the evolution of humankind. These necessities stretched humans to their limits and people started automating the tasks. This process of automation started to generate a gamut of data. This generated data is collected, stored, and processed to extract non-trivial information by applying human wisdom.

This advent of technological advancements is generating data at a very high rate and this generated data needs to be collected and stored. Data is not only stored but needs to be processed to extract useful information from it. The processing of this huge amount of data also needs a high level of computing power. So, to have this high level of computing power, we have to expend huge resources in terms of manpower and finances. Often, neither individuals nor institutions have sufficient funds to procure the resources for the storage of data and for the computing power to process it. So, in the late 1960s ARPANET, which is the predecessor of the internet, came into existence and opened the gateway for sharing computing resources. In the 1970s and 1980s formed the seed for the idea of computer virtualization. This means running multiple operating systems on a single machine.

This technological development has introduced the concept of the client-server approach where a client can access data and applications available on the servers. In early 1995 the term, cloud started to appear in the network research community. With this came the concept of the Virtual Private Network (VPN). This revolutionary concept offered the same quality of services over the same infrastructure. Salesforce was the first organization to harness the potential of the sharing of resources over the internet via a website, named Salesforce.com.

Significant improvement of internet bandwidth by the service providers, fuelled ever increasing resource sharing over the internet. This gave birth to many organizations like Google, Netflix, Facebook, and the like. In the year 2006, Amazon launched its first web-based service, called AWS (Amazon Web Services), to provide storage and computing power to small business organizations over the cloud. This sparked competition between the industry giants to take advantage of the new technology of cloud computing (Marston et al. 2011; Voss 2010; Wang et al. 2010).

As the need to store and process data increases manyfold among organizations, so does the need for state-of-the-art technology (Khan et al. 2021). As these state-of-the-art technologies and infrastructure involve extra expenses, this naturally leads to the development of specialized designs of information technology infrastructure to cater for the demanding needs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

This delivery of various computing resources such as storage, processing power, and the like, over the internet via a server is referred to as cloud computing (Hayes 2008). Formally as per the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

(Geelan 2009)

As the demand for computing resources has increased, the idea of on-demand services has emerged, thus making the organization, effectively no-software. (Grossman 2009) discussed different types of cloud: namely cloud that provides computing facility on demand and cloud that provides computing capacity. The former provides additional computing facility and the latter provides scalable computing power. An example of scalable computing capacity is Google MapReduce and Amazon Web Services is an example of scalable computing power.

In (Alam, Pandey, and Rautaray 2015), cloud computing is described more like distributed computing which facilitates the running of a program on many inter-connected computers simultaneously. Thus, their resources can be shared to achieve coherence and economies of scale. (Buyya, Ranjan, and Calheiros 2009; Khan et al. 2020) state that cloud is a virtualized, parallel, and distributed computing system to provide resources based on a service level agreement (SLA) that is agreed upon between the service provider and the consumer. The technology is not new, but it has been achieved through the journey from distributed through clustered to grid and so on.

The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 discusses the architecture of cloud computing. Section 2 explains the characteristics of cloud computing. Section 3 presents Society 4.0. Section 4 discusses the challenges of Industry 4.0. Section 5 discusses Society 5.0. Section 6 reviews some challenges of society 5.0. Section 7 reflects on the comparative Google Trends in the advances discussed. Section 8 concludes.

1.2 Architecture of Cloud Computing

A large pool of storage and/or computing resources that can be accessed via standard, defined protocols through an abstract interface is referred to as cloud computing. The cloud computing system can be categorized into two sections, referred to as front end and back end as shown in Figure 1.1. Both the front end and back end communicate with each other through the internet backbone. The foundation layer of the cloud contains raw hardware resources, components of which are mostly computing resources, storage resources, and network resources.

Figure 1.1System architecture of cloud computing.

As shown in Figure 1.1, resources are virtualized to present them to upper layer and end users as integrated resources. These resources will be offered to the end user as: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Above the infrastructure layer, there resides another layer referred to as the Platform layer which offers the cloud services as: Platform as a Service (PaaS). This layer adds the collection of specialized tools, middleware and services like operating system, programming interfaces, and the like. The next layer above the platform layer is the Software/Application layer which is referred in literature as Software as a Service (SaaS). This layer provides the end user with various business applications such as Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Web-services, for example.

1.3 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

The IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS features of cloud computing have important characteristics. These characteristics establish its similarity to and difference from traditional computing. According to NIST, there are five essential characteristics of cloud computing. The first of these characteristics is On-demand self-service. In this kind of provision, the user has control over whether to continue or to discontinue the provided services. Services provided in this way are mainly mail services, web services (like Amazon web services, IBM, Salesforce, and the like). The second characteristic identified by NIST is Broad Network Access. This provides network access to various clients (PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, and the like) through the normal mechanisms. The third characteristic mentioned by NIST is resource pooling. The computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers. These consumers might be using different kinds of physical and virtual resources to access the cloud. These resources can be dynamically assigned as per the requirements of the customers. The fourth characteristic is Rapid Elasticity. This means that resources can be automatically requested and released. This provision accommodates the consumer. The resources available for use are unlimited and can be scaled up or reduced by any amount, at any time. Measured Services are the fifth characteristic of cloud computing. The available resources are dynamically controlled and optimized by monitoring various aspects of the service (bandwidth, storage, active users, and so forth). This rapid development of information technology has driven the availability of information on the move. At the same time, it has a wide range of issues and challenges such as confidentiali...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half-Title Page
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Editor Biographies
• 1 Digitalization to Society 5.0: The New Paradigm
• 2 Cryptographic Algorithms and Protocols
• 3 How to Enhance Data Privacy on Android: A Proposal
• 4 Machine and Deep Learning Techniques in IoT and Cloud
• 5 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Are Crucial to the Existence of IoT and Big Data
• 6 Design of a Novel Task and Update-Based Social App: Proof of Concept for Richer UI/UX
• 7 An Efficient AI-Based Hybrid Classification Model for Heart Disease Prediction
• 8 Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Long Short-Term Memory with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization for Cloud Computing Systems
• 9 A Novel Live Streaming Platform Using Cloud Front Technology: Proof of Concept for Real Time Concerts
• 10 Agriculture 5.0 in India: Opportunities and Challenges of Technology Adoption
• Index