Mikroemulsionen als smarte Reaktionsmedien
eBook - PDF

Mikroemulsionen als smarte Reaktionsmedien

,
  1. 202 pages
  2. English
  3. PDF
  4. Available on iOS & Android
eBook - PDF

Mikroemulsionen als smarte Reaktionsmedien

,

About this book

Abstract Recently, the application of microemulsions as smart media for organic and inorganic syntheses has received considerable attention. Water swollen micelles can be regarded as nano-sized reaction vessels for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. However, the effect of the micelles' exchange kinetics on the shape and size of the particles has not yet been clarified. Therefore, I investigated the micelles' exchange kinetics for the non-ionic surfactant based system H2O – n-alkane – CiEj (n-alkyl polyoxyethylene). The rate constant of the exchange does not depend on the size of the micelles and weakly on their concentration. In efficient microemulsion systems, the exchange kinetics are slowed down considerably. Microemulsion systems are not yet optimized as potential reaction media for highly reactive reagents. Thus, the most reactive component, namely water, was replaced by the inert tetrahydrothiophen-1, 1-dioxide (sulfolane). By chosing the long chained surfactants C18E6 and C18E8 as amphiphiles, I was the first to formulate a water-free microemulsion system containing sulfolane – n-octane – C18E6/C18E8. At first, inorganic synthesis of platinum, bismuth and lead nanoparticles was conducted in inexpensive ionic surfactant based microemulsion systems of the type H2O/salts – oil – ionic surfactant – cosurfactant. Moreover, bicontineous microemulsions comprising H2O – oil – nonionic surfactant – cosurfactant were effectively used to overcome reagent incompatibilities for the epoxidation of D, E-unsaturated enones. The reaction in the microemulsion systems was up to 35 times faster than in heterogeneous two-phase systems. Kurzzusammenfassung Die Nutzung von Mikroemulsionen als smarte Reaktionsmedien fĂŒr die organische und anorganische Synthese erhielt in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. So werden nanoskalige Wasser geschwollene Mizellen als Template fĂŒr die Synthese von Nanopartikeln verwendet. Der Einfluss der temporĂ€ren Koaleszenz dieser geschwollenen Mizellen auf die Form und GrĂ¶ĂŸe der Nanopartikel ist noch nicht geklĂ€rt. Diese Arbeit untersucht zunĂ€chst die Koaleszenzkinetik Wasser geschwollener Mizellen des Typs H2O –n-Alkan – n-Alkylpolyglycolether (CiEj). Die Austauschkinetik hĂ€ngt nicht von der GrĂ¶ĂŸe der Tröpfchen und kaum von deren Konzentration ab. Effizientere Mikroemulsionssysteme verzögern dabei die Austauschkinetik betrĂ€chtlich. Um inerte Mikroemulsionen zu formulieren, wurde die reaktivste Komponente, das Wasser, gegen das inerte Tetrahydrothiophen-1, 1-dioxid (Sulfolan) ausgetauscht. Durch die Verwendung sehr langkettiger Tenside konnte erstmals eine Mikroemulsion aus Sulfolan – n-Oktan – C18E6/C18E8 dargestellt werden. ZunĂ€chst wurden jedoch Platin, Blei und Bismut Nanopartikel aus preiswerten Wassertröpfchen in Öl Mikroemulsionen des Typs H2O – n-Alkan – ionisches Tensid – Cotensid synthetisiert. Neben diesen eher als anorganisch aufzufassenden Reaktionen wurden bikontinuierliche Mikroemulsionen des Typs H2O – Öl – nichtionisches Tensid – Cotensid als Reaktionsmedium zur Epoxidierung von D, E-ungesĂ€ttigten Enonen verwendet. Dabei konnten erfolgreich Reaktand-InkompatibilitĂ€ten ĂŒberwunden und bis zu 35-fache Reaktionsbeschleunigungen erreicht werden.

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Information

Year
2006
Print ISBN
9783865379641
eBook ISBN
9783736919648
Edition
1

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