The Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Biomedical Engineering

Present Scenario and Challenges

Sushree Bibhuprada B. Priyadarshini, Devendra Kumar Sharma, Rohit Sharma, Korhan Cengiz, Sushree Bibhuprada B. Priyadarshini, Devendra Kumar Sharma, Rohit Sharma, Korhan Cengiz

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2022
• ISBN:
  9781000400892
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Science General
• Index: Computer Science

This volume introduces the key evolving applications of IoT in the medical field for patient care delivery through the usage of smart devices. It shows how IoT opens the door to a wealth of relevant healthcare information through real-time data analysis as well as testing, providing reliable and pragmatic data that yields enhanced solutions and discovery of previously undiscovered issues.

This new volume discusses IoT devices that are deployed for enabling patient health tracking, various emergency issues, smart administration of patients, etc. It looks at the problems of cardiac analysis in e-healthcare, explores the employment of smart devices aimed for different patient issues, and examines the usage of Arduino kits where the data can be transferred to the cloud for internet-based uses. The volume also considers the roles of IoT in electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which play significant roles in biomedical applications. This book also incorporates the use of IoT applications for smart wheelchairs, telemedicine, GPS positioning of heart patients, smart administration with drug tracking, and more.

CHAPTER 1 USE OF IoT IN BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS FOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

MIHIR NARAYAN MOHANTY¹*, SAUMENDRA KUMAR MOHAPATRA¹, and MOHAN DEBARCHAN MOHANTY²

¹ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

²College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

^*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Death rate is proportionally increasing with health ailment and accident throughout the world. Though technology develops day-by-day, still the gap is there in many areas. Especially the healthcare units lack to provide adequate support and solution to human society. Since last decade enormous developments have been done in technological field and applied in academia, industries, and healthcare units. Sophisticated analysis and diagnosis is still challenge for researchers that can help to the physicians as well to the society. In this chapter, authors focus on cardiac problem analysis for e-healthcares. For the data collection, smart sensors are used for different patients. Using the Arduino kit, the data can be transferred to cloud for internet-based uses. It will be easier to observe through either mobile devices or through computers. The analysis is automated using fuzzy inference system. Also it is developed for graphical user interface (GUI) to make the system user-friendly. The analysis and detection is performed well with the application of fuzzy logic. Due to such setup, communication can be bidirectional to diagnosis, monitoring, and suggestions. Some of the results are depicted in this scenario and some of the issues are kept as open challenges. Starting from individuals to data mining, many types of signals are analyzed and exhibited.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the buzzwords in information technology. The real-world objects can be transforms into intelligent and most effective objects by the application of IoT. It formulates an integrated communication atmosphere of interconnected devices and performs by engaging both the virtual and physical world together. Objects in remote areas can be controlled and accessed through IoT in an existing network structure. An opportunity can also be created for making a direct interaction between the physical world and computerized system. In 1982, the concept for creating a network of smart devices was designed by modifying a coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University and it became the first electrical device connected with the Internet.¹ IoT is a framework for the evaluating and monitoring of distributed data sources over a specified network environment. The idea of expanding the application of the Internet into real-world objects can be done by IoT. This trend is growing with positive impact worldwide and several industries are also adopting this technology to improve their service quality. The concept of IoT raised by the union of several advanced technologies such as machine learning, real-time data analysis, commodity sensors, and embedded systems. IoT system can be enabled by the contribution of the wireless sensor network, automation, embedded systems, and other advanced techniques.^2,3

The IoT is a vibrant universal information network that consists of multiple objects that are connected through the Internet. These objects can be radio frequency identifiers, sensors, actuators, and other instruments and smart electrical devices. Over the last few decades, it can be observed that several small and medium enterprises and academic researchers are developing a huge amount of IoT solutions that can be applied in many industries such as e-commerce, healthcare sectors, agriculture, and waste management.⁴ IoT plays an important role in healthcare sectors. Diagnosis system for several diseases can be integrated by applying IoT in hospitals. IoT-based healthcare system or also called smart healthcare system can be led to creating a digitalized patient service in remote areas. For the purpose of health monitoring and emergency notification, IoT devices can be enabled for monitoring the blood pressure and heart rate. Several advanced devices are there for monitoring some specific implants, such as pacemakers, Fitbit electronic wristbands, and hearing aids.⁵ For detecting the patient’s behaviors in bed, some hospitals are also started implementing the smart beds. By applying the IoT devices in the healthcare sector, the annual expenditure can be reduced and revenue can be increased in hospitals.^6,7 Different policies and guideline have been introduced for implementing IoT technology in the healthcare organizations in many countries. Still, this advanced technology remains in its infancy in the healthcare field.¹⁵

The heart is the most vital organ of an individual. Its major function is to pump blood and distribute throughout the human organ. Cardiac disease is one of the top causes of death globally. The main factors behind cardiovascular disease (CVD) are high blood pressure, cholesterol, diet, alcohol consumption, etc. Electrocardiogram (ECG) system is a simple track of the electrical movements created by the heart. ECG is a powerful non-obtrusive instrument for different biomedical applications, for estimating the pulse, looking at the rhythm of pulses, diagnosing heart variations from the norm, emotion acknowledgment, and recognition of biometric proof.⁸ With the innovations in embedded information and communication technologies, sophisticated healthcare support can be provided to human beings at any places. This technology can be useful for offering ECG monitoring facility to patients, senior citizens, athletes, and common people. By the use of this facility, the diagnosis of cardiac illness can be progressed with minimum time and expenditure.⁹ ECG is detected by traditional large and stationary types of equipment in hospitals. To improve the diagnosis time, it is required to implement a smart low-cost ECG signal detec...