Unloved Bull Markets

Getting Rich the Easy Way by Riding Bull Markets

Craig Callahan

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9781119847175
• eBook ISBN: 9781119847403
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Bonds
• Index: Business

Your empowerment tool to consistently winning in the stock market

In Unloved Bull Markets: Getting Rich the Easy Way by Riding Bull Markets, a seasoned, award-winning professional money manager delivers an eye-opening and insightful take on a frequently overlooked—and critically important—investing strategy. The author walks readers through a crash-course in how to take full advantage of the greatest opportunity for wealth accumulation: a bull market.

With an emphasis on seizing investment opportunities when they actually arise, instead of just watching them recede in the rearview mirror, Unloved Bull Markets explores:

• The economic indicators that can disguise, fuel, or end a bull market, including inflation and interest rates, the Fed and monetary policy, and unemployment
• Six common pieces of bad information that lead investors astray and can result in missing out on some of the best market opportunities to come along in decades
• The perennial discussion and debate between proponents of active management and passive, index investors

Unloved Bull Markets is the perfect book for investors who seek to base their decisions on data and logic, rather than fears and intuition, and want to focus on the profitable climb instead of distressing worries.

Chapter 1
“Unloved” Bull Markets

Along with many other observers, Tom Keene of Bloomberg Surveillance Radio called the multiyear bull market, from March 2009 to February 2020, “unloved.” We agree and believe that, for a variety of reasons, many investors chose not to participate in the market and missed out on a terrific opportunity to increase wealth. In previous bull markets, investors gained confidence and faith as the market advanced. Not this one. Unlike in previous bull markets, investors neither gained confidence nor faith in the workings of the market. If anything, the advance only encouraged the opposite: skepticism and doubt.

The Investment Company Institute (ICI) reports mutual fund data in its annual Investment Company Fact Book regarding annual inflows, outflows, and net flows for equity mutual funds beginning in 1984. Figure 1.1 shows annual net flows, which is inflows (sales) minus outflows (redemptions) in millions of dollars in gray scaled on the right. The S&P 500 Index is in black with quarterly observations scaled on the left.

Although the bull market in the early 1980s began in August 1982, equity fund flow data begin in 1984. Nevertheless, we see increasing positive flows in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987 as the S&P 500 moved higher. The market advance attracted investors, as they apparently gained confidence. There were net outflows in 1988 as investors moved away from equities after the market crash of October 1987. As it happens investors were captivated by the crash in their rearview mirrors and couldn't bear to face the bull market ahead.

Figure 1.1 Equity Fund Net Flows and S&P 500 Index, 1984–2019

As the next bull market started, equity mutual fund net flows turned positive and grew accordingly with the market advance. The graph shows how the rising market enticed investors to buy equity mutual funds. In the end of that bull market, net flows hit their peak concurrent with the high of the S&P 500 Index. During the market decline following the “tech bubble” of early 2000, investors greatly reduced their investing into equity mutual funds. As the market advanced off the September 2002 low, investors sent net positive flows into equity mutual funds, not to the extent seen in the late 1990s but still enough to reflect confidence and optimism for equities.

Compared to the previous bull markets post 1987 and 2002, what makes this recent bull market “unloved”? The surge off the market low in early 2009 barely got net flows positive, but 2010, 2011, and 2012 saw a race for the exits even though the market moved higher. Unable to see the multiyear bull market ahead of them, the only emotions investors were capable of was simply, “Get me out of here!” Only one year, 2013, saw significant net positive flows, but after that brief period of confidence in equities, investors reverted to a negative view, especially in 2016, 2017, and 2018. These net redemptions were clearly early as the S&P 500 hit an all-time high February 2020 and those who redeemed along the way did not participate.

Outflows continued as the market moved higher in 2019, as reported in the Wall Street Journal December 9, 2019, in a front page article with the title “Individual Investors Bail on Stocks.” “The S&P 500 is having its best run in six years, but individual investors are fleeing stock funds at the fastest pace in decades.” It continued, “Investors have pulled $135.5 billion from U.S. stock-focused mutual funds and exchange traded funds so far this year, the biggest withdrawals on record, according to data provider Refinitiv Lipper, which tracked the data going back to 1992.”

Table 1.1 shows the average annual net flows into equity mutual funds for four bull markets. It was positive for the previous three bull markets but negative for the most recent one. The market was moving higher but investors were fleeing equities, unusual, but explained by investor sentiment in the next section.

Table 1.1 Average Annual Net Flows (in $ Millions)

1984–1987	12,649
1988–1999	106,520
2003–2007	132,040
2009–2019	−112,279

Investor Sentiment

The America Association of Individual Investors (AAII) conducts a weekly investment sentiment survey of its members. It asks, “Are you bullish, neutral, or bearish?,” meaning, does the respondent think the stock market is going higher, sideways, or lower? The survey began July 1987. Figure 1.2 shows a rolling four-week average of the percent bullish divided by the percent bearish from July 1987 through February 2020. The middle line is the average for the entire time period, right near 1.50%, meaning typically three bulls for every two bears. The other two lines are one standard deviation above and below average. Before focusing on the recent bull market, some general observations are noteworthy. This group can really be wrong sometimes. The two arrows above highlight some extremes like the excessive bullishness precrash 1987 and at the tech bubble peak of early 2000. Those were terrible times to be bullish. The four arrows at the bottom represent great buying opportunities when the market went higher but investors were extremely (incorrectly) bearish: 1990, 1998, 2003, and 2009.

Figure 1.2 AAII Bull/Bear Ratio, Four-Week Average

For the eleven-year bull market from 2009 through 2020, the bull/bear ratio is generally below average. There are a few quick bursts of optimism, when the bull/bear ratio got one standard deviation above the long-term average, but the optimism is nowhere near the magnitude or duration of those that occurred in previous bull markets. This group was mostly wrong the entire way up, frequently posting bull/bear ratios one standard deviation below the historic average.

Table 1.2 shows the average bull/bear reading during four bull markets based on the weeks when the bull market began and ended. Perhaps the bull market of December 1987 through February 1994 was “unloved” also because its average bull/bear ratio was similarly low as the recent bull market. In Chapter 2 we make th...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• Introduction
• Chapter 1: “Unloved” Bull Markets
• Chapter 2: Was the Bull Market Sensible?
• Chapter 3: News and Stock Prices
• Chapter 4: Economic Setting
• Chapter 5: Inflation and Interest Rates
• Chapter 6: The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
• Chapter 7: Unemployment
• Chapter 8: Betting on a Lackluster Stock Market and Higher Interest Rates
• Chapter 9: Volatility Events
• Chapter 10: Six Pieces of Bad Information
• Chapter 11: Active-Passive
• Chapter 12: Strategies
• Chapter 13: Human Behavior
• Chapter 14: And Then It Ended with a Crash
• Chapter 15: I Want My Money Back
• Chapter 16: Conclusion
• Index
• End User License Agreement