Parties opposed in criminal proceedings may benefit from equal chances to express arguments supporting their respective positions. This recommendation addressed to judges reflects the rule of equality of arms which is part of the principles building up the right to a fair trial and the good administration of justice enshrined by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights to which Rwanda is a party. The study assesses the effective implementation of this prerogative before Rwandan Criminal Courts.