NOTES
INTRODUCTION
this page âLife has to do with wallsâ: Marijke Martin and Judith Smals, Wall House #2: John Hejduk in Groningen (Groningen, Netherlands: Platform Gras, 2001), 41.
this page â7 quarts per day for the menâ: Report of the Boundary Commission (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1896), 32.
this page âour associates of the Mexican Commissionâ: Ibid., 4.
this page âthe president expressed a desireâ: âIn Territories,â Indianapolis Journal, May 7, 1901.
this page âcommercial well-being and good understandingâ: Quoted in Stephen Kinzer, The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of American Empire (New York: Henry Holt, 2017), 205.
this page âimmediate pastâ: Robert Maxwell, Introduction, The Journal of Architecture 1 (Spring 1996): 3.
I. THE INVENTION OF DIFFERENCE
this page âas the sand of the seaâ: Revelation 20:8.
this page âset [his] faceâ: Ezekiel 38:2.
this page âNow Jericho was straitlyâ: Joshua 6:1.
this page âideological reasonsâ: Ran Barkai and Roy Liran, âMidsummer Sunset at Jericho,â Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture 1, 3 (November 2008): 276, 279.
this page âOur theory would appear less daringâ: Gaston Bachelard, The Psychoanalysis of Fire, trans. Alan C. M. Ross (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), 27â28.
this page âThe initial wall of circa 8300 BCEâ: For descriptions of the oldest wall and corresponding community see Kathleen Kenyon, Digging Up Jericho (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1957), 67â76, 113; Robert Ruby, Jericho: Dreams, Ruins, Phantoms (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 124â26; Ofer Bar-Yosef, âThe Walls of Jericho: An Alternative Interpretation,â Current Anthropology 27, 2 (April 1986): 157.
this page âThe Great Sittâ: For a thorough account of Kenyon at Jericho see Miriam C. Davis, Dame Kathleen Kenyon: Digging Up the Holy Land (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2008), 101â54.
this page âThe fog of cultural conflictâ: The felicitous phrase is from Dan Kahanâs blog, www.culturlacognition.net/blog; for a more in-depth take, see his article âVaccine Risk Perceptions and Ad Hoc Risk Communication,â CCP Risk and Economic Studies Report 17 (January 2014). The 1954 study was the Robbers Cave experiment, while the University of Sheffield experiment was published as âThree-month-olds, but not newborns, prefer own-race faces,â Developmental Science 6, 5 (November 2005): F31â36.
this page âAll the houses have flat roofsâ: Bernal DĂaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1908), 220.
this page âArrows in a snakeskin quiverâ: John S. C. Abbot, Miles Standish the Puritan Captain (New York: Dodd & Mead, 1874), 179â81. For the description of the fence, see Allan Gallay, Colonial Wars of North America, 1512â1763 (New York: Routledge, 1996), 569.
this page âOnly a month after the wallâs completionâ: Tudor Jencks, Captain Myles Standish (New York: The Century Company, 1905), 178.
this page âto explain the practical operationâ: Quoted in J. Fred Rippy, Joel R. Poinsett, Versatile American (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1935), 106. Much of the information on Poinsett came from the same source.
this page âambitious people, always readyâ: Quoted in ibid., 106.
this page âto compare [Mexicans]â: Quoted in Gilbert M. Joseph and Timothy J. Henderson, eds., The Mexico Reader: History, Culture, and Politics (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002), 12.
this page âall intercourse with foreignersâ: Quoted in ibid., 14.
this page âordered every one of the Americansâ: Quoted in Todd Hansen, The Alamo Reader (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003), 483.
this page âdisguised in a blue cottonadeâ: Quoted in Stephen L. Moore, Eighteen Minutes: The Battle of San Jacinto and the Texas Independence Campaign (Dallas: Republic of Texas Press, 2004), 379.
this page âsavage fiendâ: âNatchez,â Fayetteville Weekly Observer, April 21, 1836.
this page âtumble headlongâ: âGeneral Houston and Santa Annaâs Former Friendship,â Selma Daily Reporter, June 11, 1836.
this page âtoo lazy to advanceâ: âTexas,â The Daily Picayune, May 16, 1839.
this page ânot the slightest relianceâ: âTexas,â Democratic Free Press, July 6, 1836.
this page âwicked barbariansâ: Quoted in John S. D. Eisenhower, So Far from God: The U.S. War with Mexico (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000), 86.
this page âThese Mexican savagesâ: âDow, Jr., On War,â Louisville Daily Courier, June 6, 1846.
this page âSpartan-like defense of the Alamoâ: Quoted in Eisenhower, So Far from God, 87.
this page âyoung infantrymen waiting in San Antonioâ: Letter from Colonel John Hardin, cited in Amy S. Greenberg, A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln and the 1846 Invasion of Mexico (New York: Vintage Books, 2012), 137.
this page âthe soulless butcheriesâ: Quoted in Robert W. Merry, A Country of Vast Designs: James Polk, the Mexican War and the Conquest of the American Continent (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 153.
this page âAmerican bloodâ: Quoted in Spencer Tucker, ed., The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War, Vol. 1 (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2013), 959.
II. BORDER AS FORGE
this page âthe border is in betweenâ: Thomas Nail, Theory of the Border (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 2.
this page âGraeculusâ: Anthony Everett, Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome (New York: Random House, 2015), 15. The same source furnished much of the background on Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrianâs life in general, as did Mary Beard, âA Very Modern Emperor,â The Guardian, July 18, 2008.
this page âthree thousand miles longâ: UNESCO World Heritage List, âFrontiers of the Roman Empire,â https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430.
this page âSon of all the deified emperorsâ: Roman Inscriptions of Britain, âRib. 1051. Imperial Dedication,â https://romaninscriptionsofbritain.org/inscriptions/1051.
this page âexplorer of all things interestingâ: Tertullian, quoted in Marco Rizzi, ed., Hadrian and the Christians (New York: De Gruyter, 2010), 15.
this page âwildâ: Jordanes, The Origins and Deeds of the Goths, trans. Charles C. Mierow (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1908), 5.
this page âup to the waistâ: This and other descriptions of Britain and Scotland taken from Herodian, Cassius Dios, and Procopius, quoted in âRoman Perceptions of Britain,â http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_Romana/britannia/miscellanea/geography.html.
this page âHadrian can offer anythingâ: The slogan is that of Hadrian Valeting, of Haltwhistle.
this page âten thousand Roman auxiliary troopsâ: Mohammed Chaichian, Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination (Boston: Brill, 2014), 39.
this page âI mean your magnificent citizenshipâ: Quoted in Jed W. Atkins, Roman Political Thought (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 65â66. Additional information on Roman citizenship and status of immigrants from Ralph W. Mathisen, âPeregrini, Barbari, and Cives Romani: Concepts of Citizenship and the Legal Identity of Barbarians in the Late Roman Empire,â American Historical Review 111, 4 (October 2006): 1011â40; Ancient History Encyclopedia, âRoman Citizenship,â https://www.ancient.eu/article/859/roman-citizenship/; Cullen Murphy, âRoman Empire: Gold Standard of Immigration,â Los Angeles Times, June 16, 2007.
this page âwho have served twenty-five yearsâ: British Museum Online Collection, âMilitary Diploma,â https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectI...