eBook - ePub
IoT-Based Smart Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability
- 184 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
eBook - ePub
IoT-Based Smart Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability
About this book
This book consolidates and summarizes smart technologies like IoT, edge computing, and AI used in different aspects of waste material management, mitigation, and recycling for a sustainable environment. One of the cases explains how IoT-based systems and wireless sensors can be used to continuously detect common pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM) and how the data collected are used to assess the overall air quality and determine actions for improvements. A collection of practical case studies, this book provides a comprehensive knowledge in smart waste management to readers in universities, research centers, and industries.
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Information
1
E-Waste Management
Babita Panda, Gyanendra Kumar Panda, and Arjyadhara Pradhan
DOI: 10.1201/9781003184096-1
CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Is E-Waste?
1.3 Problems of E-Waste
1.4 Generation of E-Waste
1.5 Identification of E-Waste Issues
1.6 Environmental Impact of E-Waste
1.7 Proper Disposal of E-Waste
1.8 E-Waste Management
1.8.1 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and E-Waste
1.8.2 Public Schemes for E-Waste Management
1.8.2.1 Main Highlights of the E-Waste Rules
1.8.2.2 Duties of Different Shareholders
1.8.3 Problems and Threats for Policy Execution
1.8.3.1 Less Knowledge on E-Waste Formation Rates
1.8.3.2 Informal Organizations’ E-Waste Management Practices
1.8.3.3 Poor Regulation and Enforcement
1.8.4 Designing of a Powerful E-Waste Management System
1.8.4.1 Informal Sector
1.8.4.2 Policy Reformation under EPR
1.8.4.3 Execution of Regulations
1.8.4.4 E-Waste Imports
1.8.4.5 Public Awareness
1.9 Treatment of E-Waste
1.10 Conclusion
References
1.1 Introduction
At the moment, the industries which make the most profit or are in most demand are electronic industries. In a short span of time, new and advanced technology with up-to-date designs being easier to operate have developed, and consumers have become attracted towards this technology and want to have these advanced operations [1]. In this time of advanced technology, the pace of innovation is quite fast. Advanced and upgraded versions of devices are launched into the market in quick spans of time and offer more, better and advanced functionality than previous versions. Within a few months or a year, masses of people who have the same smart phone model from a brand move to an advanced version of the same model, as shown in Figure 1.1. Due to this rising demand, competition between suppliers for a wider range of models is also increasing [2].
Uses of different cell-phone models from 2012 to 2022.
Based on the above trend analysis towards premature obsolescence, it’s possible to increased packing density. Other trends which appear in other fields of the electronics sector are transmission speed and improved processors. Product marketing is a well-known example, or we can say factor, that highly motivates consumer intention to upgrade [3–5].
Current fashion is another factor. In the field of smart devices, this is becoming apparent. Nobody anymore wants to be seen carrying a bulky phone with an arial antenna. A few people thought that new models are released too frequently when the old one is not out of date by very much. This results in premature obsolescence and increasing more e-waste. Another factor is the cost of repairing. For instance, it is much easier nowadays for a consumer to buy a new smart phone when the battery life is nearly dead than to invest in a new battery. With so many battery types available in the market for a particular mobile device, consumers do not want to take the risk of buying the wrong type and end up having another problem of completely damaging their currently only troublesome device. Consumer eagerness for new advanced products forces a decrease in the lifespan of existing products, and as a result it increases electrical and electronic waste. An ever-growing portion of the solid waste from cities is due to the increase of e-waste at an accelerated rate [6–8]. Electronic items after use are shipped over oceans, which creates a complicated waste matter consisting of several harmful metals and chemical substances. Consumption of electronic products in India is very high due to the large population.
1.2 What Is E-Waste?
Waste products from electricals and electronics that have been discarded or where the lifespan of the item has ended are known as electronic waste (e-waste). This includes devices that are operated by either electricity or batteries, and includes devices that are thrown away to landfill or given to a reseller organization. Table 1.1 depicts the distribution of e-waste items in different categories [9].
| Home Appliances | Communication and IT Devices | Entertainment Devices | Electronic Items | Office and Medical Equipment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
E-waste contains toxins which produce greenhouse gases (GHGs) at the time of their disposal and which impact human health and effect pollution due to low levels of processing. The more the e-waste in landfill, the more these poisonous materials mix into groundwater. A major risk is involved to workers’ health and their communities due to the recycling and disposal of e-waste [10–12].
1.3 Problems of E-Waste
In a generation of rapid technological advancement, e-waste keeps expanding while smart electronic goods are being invented and introduced to the markets. Electronic devices (smart home devices) can now almost do everything within a short span of time. New models are introduced to the markets even while the current models are working fine [13–15]. The latest versions always provide additional new features that make them superior to the previous ones. New innovators in the field of technology continue to create more smart and advanced electric or electronic devices, designed to make life easier and more convenient in all aspects. Still, consumers seem all too susceptible to quickly upgrading the devices they already have [16–18]. It doesn’t matter how satisfied they have been with their devices until now.
1.4 Generation of E-Waste
Mostly the waste is classified in the below categories:
- Household appliances
- IT and communication devices
- Electronic toys
- Electrical utilities
- Health care devices
- Smart devices
Electronics goods which are thrown away by consumers rather than being recycled or reused are known as e-waste [19,20].
1.5 Identification of E-Waste Issues
Several acts are in place for protecting human health and the natural environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal. Laws are there to ensure e-waste management in an environmentally sound manner. An international treaty is in place for reduc...
Table of contents
- Cover
- Half-Title
- Series
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Preface
- Editors
- Contributors
- 1 E-Waste Management
- 2 Waste Prevention: Its Impact and Analysis
- 3 Smart Waste Bin Using AI, Big Data Analytics and IoT
- 4 Artificial Intelligence and Reducing Food Waste during Harvest and Post-Harvest Processes
- 5 IoT-Enabled Services for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in India
- 6 IoT-Enabled Smart Dustbin
- 7 IoT-Based Smart Waste Management for Smart Cities
- 8 Serverless IoT Architecture for Smart Waste Management Systems
- 9 IoT in Hospital Solid Waste Generation and Management
- 10 A Fast Garbage Classification Model Based on Deep Learning
- Index
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