Electrical Engineering | Step by Step

Basics, Components & Circuits explained for Beginners

M.Eng. Johannes Wild

• Publisher: 3DTech
• Year: 2022
• ISBN:
  9783949804755
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Elektrotechnik & Telekommunikation

Are you looking for a simple and understandable introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics?

Then you are well advised with this book! As an engineer (M.Eng.) I would like to teach you the basics of electrical engineering and electronics. In summary, this book offers you an easy to understand, intuitively structured and practical introduction to the world of electrical engineering!

What is current and what is voltage? What is charge? What is power, what is 1 kWh? How does an electric motor work? What is the difference between direct current and alternating current? This electrical engineering handbook not only answers these questions, but also covers many other topics in depth and detail.

In addition, in this compact beginner's guide, you will quickly and easily learn the functions as well as the application of important electronic components such as resistors, diodes, transistors, capacitors and much more. This book offers you a comprehensive yet compact introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics!

In addition to important basic terms and principles, you will also learn, for example, how to analyze circuits (Kirchhoff's rules), what a bipolar transistor is, what a MOSFET is, and how a RLC circuit is designed. We will also look at what happens when you place an inductor in a magnetic field and what practical applications these basic principles have in our modern world. We will also do some calculations together and we will learn the mathematical equations behind the basic principles of electrical engineering in each chapter. However, depending on how deep you want to go into the material, you can also just take note of them.

This fundamentals book is aimed specifically at anyone who has no prior knowledge of electrical and electronic engineering, or who already has some knowledge but is looking for a practical and understandable guide to electrical engineering. No matter what age you are, what profession you have, whether you are a pupil, student or pensioner. This book is for anyone who wants or needs to learn about electrical engineering and electronics.

The aim of this book is to introduce you to how electrical engineering accompanies us in everyday life and the basic principles involved. In addition, you will learn the basics of direct current technology and alternating current technology, their theoretical backgrounds and much more! Develop a basic understanding of electrical engineering and electronics in no time!

Therefore, do not hesitate any longer, best take a look at the book and get your copy home as an ebook or paperback!

Briefly summarized, you will learn the following in detail in this course:

- Basic concepts and basic quantities of electrical engineering

- How to analyze and solve electrical engineering circuits

- Ohm's law, Ampere's law and Farady's law

- Components such as resistor, diode (e.g. LED), transistor, capacitor, transformer, ..., and how they work and what they are used for

- The difference between direct current and alternating current, as well as single-phase and multi-phase systems

- How does electricity get into the house? Getting to know the power supply system

- Direct current and alternating current motors and their structure / mode of operation

- Outlook: Renewable energies such as photovoltaics and wind power

- and much more!

Take a look at the book and get your copy as an ebook or paperback!

Foreword

Thank you so much for choosing this book!

A warm welcome! Are you looking for a simple and understandable introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics?

Then you are well advised with this book! I am an engineer (M.Eng.) and would like to teach you the basics of electrical engineering and electronics. This book offers you a well understandable, intuitively structured and practical introduction to the world of electrical engineering!

What is current, and what is voltage? What is charge? What is power? How does an electric motor work, what is the difference between direct current and alternating current? This handbook of electrical engineering not only answers these questions, but also covers many other topics in depth and detail. In addition to important basic terms and principles, you will also learn, for example, how to analyze electrical engineering circuits, what a transistor (bipolar and MOSFET) is, and how an RLC circuit is designed. We will also look at what happens when you place a coil in a magnetic field and what practical applications these basic principles have in our modern world.

This fundamentals book is aimed specifically at all those who have no or only previous school knowledge in electrical engineering and electronics, or already have knowledge and are looking for a practical and understandable guide on the subject of electrical engineering. No matter what age you are, what profession you have, whether you are a pupil, student, or pensioner. This book is for anyone who wants or needs to learn about electrical engineering and electronics.

The aim of this book is to introduce you to how electrical engineering accompanies us in everyday life and what basic principles are involved. It is a book that provides an understanding of electrical circuits and also an understanding of the most important components (e.g., resistor, transformer, capacitor, diode, etc.) in electrical engineering and electronics. In addition, you will learn the basics of direct current technology and alternating current technology, their physical backgrounds and much more! Develop a basic understanding of electrical engineering and electronics!

In this electrical engineering basic course, you will learn everything you need to know as a beginner about the world of electrical engineering and electronics! So don't hesitate any longer, take a look at the book and get your copy as an ebook or paperback!

Table of Contents

Legal information 1

Foreword 2

Table of contents 3

1 Introduction 6

2 Electrotechnical Basics & Circuit Analysis 7

2.1 Introduction to electrical engineering 7

2.2 Basic sizes 7

2.3 Power equation and Ohm's law 9

2.4 The passive sign convention 13

2.5 Analysis of DC circuits 14

2.5.1 Terms in circuits 14

2.5.2 Kirchhoff's two laws (KCL & KVL) 15

2.5.3 The Mesh Flow Analysis 16

2.5.4 The nodal stress analysis (nodal analysis) 17

2.5.5 Equivalent circuits 17

2.5.6 Properties of series/series and parallel connection 18

3 Basics of electronics 22

3.1 Fundamentals of semiconductors 23

3.1.1 Semiconductor doping 24

3.1.2 The PN junction diode 26

3.1.3 The light-emitting diode (LED) 27

3.1.4 Solving circuits with diodes 28

3.2 Rectification and use of a diode 29

3.2.1 Half-wave rectifier 29

3.2.2 Full-wave rectifier 30

3.3 What is a transistor? 32

3.3.1 The Bipolar Transistor (BJT) - Basics 33

3.3.2 The Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) - Basics 36

3.3.3 The Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOS-FET) 38

3.4 Practical applications of electrical engineering and electronics 40

3.4.1 Printed circuit board (PCB) 43

3.4.2 The multimeter: Current and voltage measurement in practice 44

4 Direct Current vs. Alternating Current & Sine Waves 46

4.1 Introduction to the topic 46

4.2 Alternating voltage / alternating current 47

4.3 Series resonant circuit (RLC circuit) 48

4.3.1 Capacitors 49

4.3.2 Inductors (coils) 51

5 Power supply systems 56

5.1 Energy and system of units 56

5.2 The power triangle 57

5.3 Single-phase and three-phase alternating current 60

5.4 How does electricity get into the house? The power supply systems 63

5.5 Protection of the power grid 65

6 Electrical machines 66

6.1 Magnetic field and electrical machines - basics 66

6.1.1 Faraday's law of induction 66

6.1.2 The magnetic-ohmic law 67

6.1.3 Force in a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field 67

6.1.4 Voltage in the current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field 69

6.1.5 Torque in a current-carrying loop 69

6.2 Transformers 70

6.3 Direct current machines (direct current motor) 72

6.3.1 Analysis of circuits with DC motors 74

6.4 AC machines (AC motors) 75

6.4.1 Basics of AC motors 75

6.4.2 A rotating magnetic field 76

6.4.3 AC motor types 77

7 Renewable energies 79

7.1 PV systems - photovoltaics 79

7.2 Wind turbines 82

Appendix A: Overview of circuit symbols 84

Appendix B: Simulation Software & CAD Software for Electronics 85

Appendix C: A brief introduction to using an Arduino 86

Closing words 87

1 Introduction

What to expect and what you will learn in this book

In this electrical engineering beginner's guide you will find an introduction to the basics of electrical engineering and electronics and learn in particular the basic terms and quantities such as current, voltage, power, and the structure and application of important electronic components such as resistor, diode, transistor, capacitor and much more in detail. Step by step, I share with you as an engineer my knowledge from study and practice, so that you can achieve optimal learning success on the one hand with theoretical basics, but on the other hand especially with practical examples.

In this course, which is specifically aimed at beginners, you will also learn how electrical circuits are constructed and how they can be analyzed or solved. For this purpose, we will use e.g., Kirchhoff's rules, which we will get to ...