This book focuses on thecore theoretical concept of"Ma thinking" - an idea that serves as springboardfor the thoughts and actions of distinguished practitioners, innovators, and researchers.The theoretical and practical importance of the Ma concept in new innovationactivities lies in the thinking and activities of the leading practitioners. However, there is little academicresearch clarifying these characteristic dynamic transition mechanisms and the synthesisof diverse paradoxes through recursive activities between formal and informalorganizations to achieve integration of dissimilar knowledge.