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The Private Equity Toolkit
A Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Deals Done from Sourcing to Exit
Tamara Sakovska
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eBook - ePub
The Private Equity Toolkit
A Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Deals Done from Sourcing to Exit
Tamara Sakovska
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About This Book
Master the navigation of private equity deals from sourcing to exit with this comprehensive guide
The Private Equity Toolkit: A Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Deals Done from Sourcing to Exit offers readers the first complete guide to executing a private equity dealfrom start to finish. Written by an accomplished professional with twenty years of experience in the private equity space, this book is perfect for current private equity analystsandassociates, as well asbusiness students and professionals seeking to enter the private equity field.
This book covers every stage of the private equity process, from sourcing the deal to company exit. Itprovides a systematic overview ofhow to:
· Originate attractive investment opportunities;
· Generate superior deal insights;
· Form effective working relationships with management teams;
· Add value on portfolio company boards; and
· Achieve profitable investment exits.
The Private Equity Toolkit equipsits readers with actionable frameworks and proprietary tools that can be appliedon a daily basisin the private equity industry. The content foundwithin is designed to be current and helpful for years to come and appeals to a global audience.
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1
First Thoughts on Deal Sourcing
Key Topics in Chapter 1:
- Why deal sourcing remains an obscure field
- Six action steps to take today to enhance your deal origination prowess
- Proven deal sourcing strategies and the search for the mythical proprietary deal
- How to assess your current deal sourcing capabilities
- Key trends to look for now to spot future private equity deals ahead of others
Introduction to Deal Sourcing
Private equity begins with finding a suitable investment opportunity. Preferably, a great one. The first three chapters of this book discuss exactly that—the process of finding a private equity deal that represents a perfect fit for your investment mandate. In my personal experience, I have found this to be a tedious and frustrating process. Why? The private equity industry has been operating for nearly half a century, yet there is no one source that educates others in a granular and systematic way about how to build a solid private equity origination capability. Therefore, I set out to put my own detailed thoughts and experience in writing in order to share my perspective with others about this complicated process. My aim is to be as thorough as possible so that, after reading these first three chapters, you will walk away with a couple of solid and useful frameworks that will positively transform your deal sourcing outcomes.
Let's begin.
Why is understanding deal sourcing important? There are two primary reasons. First, creating and sustaining a flow of high-quality deal ideas is one of the core competencies of a successful private equity professional. This competency resonates very closely with the perceived brand of every private equity fund and, eventually, with your personal brand. Every limited partner (“LP”) investing in private equity funds is looking to identify a team of rainmakers who can demonstrate that they are capable of developing differentiated investment themes, finding sustainable sources of deal flow and closing successful transactions. As you get more experienced in private equity, the people you report to will increasingly expect you to originate your own deals proactively.
The second reason is that deal sourcing—while being critical to investment success—remains remarkably obscure. There is extremely little written specifically about private equity deal sourcing and how to master it. The books on private equity that I have researched seem to include only a high-level discussion of this topic. If you are interested in private equity, chances are you regularly come across articles in the trade press discussing the challenges of finding a good deal. If you have attended private equity conferences, as I have, then you've also heard a good number of deal origination war stories. However, I wasn't able to find a single resource that sets out a detailed private equity deal origination framework in one place. Hence, I believe I can make a contribution to this area with my deal sourcing guide.
In my research, I was able to identify only one study, conducted by Teten and Farmer (2010), analyzing deal sourcing strategies across the private equity industry and outlining a number of actionable steps aimed at improving the deal origination process. Unfortunately, I could not use the valuable lessons of this study in my own career because this research was published many years after I had been tasked with originating my own private equity transactions. In the study, the authors reaffirm the importance of deal sourcing in private equity: it turns out that late-stage venture capital and growth equity investors with proactive origination programs are almost all top-quartile performers across stage, vintage and sector. This makes sense. You can now understand why LPs might be very interested in examining your firm's deal sourcing process in agonizing detail.
When I started my first private equity job at a firm focused on large leveraged buyouts (“LBOs”), I found the process of deal origination and initial review fairly exciting. It was great to think through numerous business models and admire new ideas. However, it was also extremely exasperating. I was a member of the consumer team and it was not unusual for us to analyze over 100 large buyouts a year, bring 10–12 deals to the investment committee and work on three or four full deal execution processes in order to close just one transaction that year.
Yes, you read that correctly: the goal of my team was to review over 100 potential deals in order to close one deal per year. If you are lucky enough to complete one transaction a year, you are right on track! Sometimes, even this modest goal was out of reach. For example, when a target company was sold through a highly competitive auction process, our team would often not be chosen as the preferred (or highest) bidder. This means that there were years when we, as a sector team, would close no deals at all. Yes, we would still review over 100 potential deals that year and close zero. Talk about a low-energy Christmas party.
This is a rather frustrating, yet typical, fact in private equity: a lot of work goes into deal sourcing yet there is no guarantee of a successful outcome. Sometimes several years will pass from your first meeting with the management of a potential investment target to the time they are ready to consider a transaction. Sometimes the company will even go through multiple rounds of ownership until the management team is prepared to meet with you again. Sometimes the company shareholders are finally ready to accept a private equity investment, just not one from your firm! However, the stars do align at some point and, with perseverance, you can manage to get a private equity transaction to a final close.
What influences the successful outcome of sourcing and closing a private equity transaction? If you had asked me this at the beginning of my private equity career, I would have said that there was a fair degree of randomness and luck in this process. It is about being connected and about maximizing your options by doing 1,000 things to cover more ground. And being in the right place at the right time. And balancing cold-blooded investment analysis with the animal spirits of a competitive auction. Back then, I would have said serendipity deserves its fair share of credit, too.
Would I give the same answer now? Actually, I would not. I no longer think of sourcing and closing transactions as a game of chance. While the rules of probability do apply to finding good deals, I think there are steps that you can take to skew the odds in your favor. Sometimes significantly. Depending on what your competitors are doing in your sector or country of focus, you can definitely enhance your deal origination prowess by a considerable margin. I have certainly seen this in my own efforts of sourcing private equity transactions.
First, let's take a look at a broad overview of these action points and then I'll delve into each one in more detail.
- Commit. Make deal origination an institutional priority and aim to create a sustainable long-term competitive advantage both for yourself as an investment professional and your firm through sourcing high-quality investments. This means dedicating time to deal sourcing throughout the year even when it seems like there is no time for it.
- Organize chaos. Deal sourcing is tricky because it is an informal process that involves many variables. Decision-makers change their minds. Companies get taken over by strategic investors and cease to be private equity targets overnight. What can you do when things seem out of your control? Attack the mercurial nature of deal sourcing by turning your reactive activities into a number of intentional and predictable routines. Systematize your efforts and turn them into a framework. Focus on perfecting your deal sourcing process and do not pay excessive attention to interim outcomes. A better process will eventually lead to superior results.
- Conduct deep industry research. Create a unique information advantage for yourself and your team by developing expertise in a couple of industry subsectors. Make sure you build a detailed knowledge base in these subsectors, generate your own insights and initiate a flow of proprietary deal ideas. How do you do that? I have spent many late nights leading various industry “deep dives” and have developed my own framework for tackling this exercise. I will share these tactics with you later in the book.
- Prepare your firm to move quickly. Institutional agility can be a remarkable advantage, especially in a highly competitive deal environment. It is important to provide regular updates to your firm, especially your investment committee and key decision makers, on the main investment themes that you are working on. The goal is to get as much support as possible and ensure that everyone is aware of the detailed knowledge your team has acquired through deep research. One of the best ways to do this is for your team to develop and share their proprietary analysis of a sector with the rest of the firm. That way, once you identify a suitable deal in this industry, your investment committee should already be warmed up. They will trust your team to come up with a differentiated “deal angle,” giving you the ability to move forward with confidence and progress the deal ahead of your competition.
- Develop an efficient deal sourcing process. Take a step back and identify the areas of your deal sourcing process where most of your time is wasted. Does it feel like you are busy creating too many options by doing 1,000 things? Are you attending too many meetings with intermediaries who miss the point of your mandate and bring deals that make no sense? Is your deal sourcing network fully optimized? Are your meeting notes well-organized, searchable, synchronized and easy to access, both in the office and remotely?
Once you have had an opportunity to reflect, try to come up with ways to streamline your deal sourcing process. Aim for the end result to resemble a clock with a precise Swiss movement. Instead of doing 1,000 things to cover more ground, reduce your efforts to the 10 most value-added activities and repeat them with precision 100 times. These numbers are arbitrary, but you get the point: abandon deal sourcing tasks that yield no result, focus on the most productive activities and pursue them in a disciplined manner. This process should free up some of your time and enhance the quality of deals under your review, both of which will boost the probability of a successful outcome.
- Persist, smile, repeat. Now that you have created a proactive deal sourcing work plan, make sure there are dedicated slots reserved in your calendar to keep the process moving. Deal sourcing should be relentless and tick away with the dependability of a clock. Do not be tempted to drop out of the deal origination process, even during busy times. You can simply do less deal sourcing work during busy weeks. The only way to beat your competition is to work smarter. Take the time to put necessary reminders in your system for any follow-ups and be disciplined about following through completely. Do your best to maintain a positive spirit when deals disappoint. Take a deep breath, smile, move on and start again. Deal sourcing is simply a fixed number of efforts, persistent and repetitive, that eventually result in a big payoff.
Originating new deal ideas can sometimes feel like a mammoth task, but taking small steps can make it much more manageable. Just a few hours a week of proactive and intentional deal sourcing work can make a big difference and help you stay ahead of your competition. As the old proverb goes, “Water dripping day by day wears the hardest rock away.”
Deal Sourcing Strategies
What sourcing strategies are out there? Generally, people in our industry talk about two types of private equity deals: thematic and opportunistic. Thematic investments are potential transactions that you identify proactively through the rigorous and granular research of a particular industry subsector, emerging trend or a specific investment thesis. Thematic deal ideas sometimes do not have any obvious catalysts and can take a long time to become actionable. Opportunistic investments rely on a more passive effort on your part: they are inbound transactions that simply land on your desk. Opportunistic transactions are typically a lot more actionable: there is often a motivated seller who wants to get a deal done within a specific timeframe. The majority ...