Real-Life Applications of the Internet of Things

Challenges, Applications, and Advances

Monika Mangla, Ashok Kumar, Vaishali Mehta, Megha Bhushan, Sachi Nandan Mohanty

• Publisher: Apple Academic Press
• Year: 2022
• Print ISBN: 9781774638484
• eBook ISBN: 9781000565508
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Science General
• Index: Computer Science

This new volume provides an overview of the Internet of Things along with its architectures, its vital technologies, and their uses in our daily life. The book explores the integration of IoT with other emerging technologies, such as blockchain and cloud. Topics in the volume cover the many powerful features and applications of IoT, such as for weather forecasting, in agriculture, in medical science, in surveillance systems, and much more.

The first section of the book covers many of the issues and challenges that arise from the Internet of Things (IoT), exploring security challenges, such as attack detection and prevention systems, as well as energy efficiency and resource management in IoT. The volume also introduces the use of IoT and smart technology in agricultural management, in healthcare diagnosis and monitoring, and in the financial industry. Chapters also focus on surveillance network technology, the technology shift from television to video streaming apps, using IoT–fog computing for smart healthcare, detection of anomalies in climate conditions, and even detection of illegal wood logging activity.

PART I Issues and Challenges in IoT

CHAPTER 1 Detailed Review on Security Challenges Associated with the Internet of Things

TARANDEEP KAUR BHATIA^1,2 and RAMKUMAR KETTI RAMACHANDRAN²

¹School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC–3220, Australia, E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]

²Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India, E-mail: [email protected] (R. K. Ramachandran)

ABSTRACT

Internet of things (IoT) is the trending technology in this 21^st century that aims at the interconnection of all the things in our surroundings via the internet. This chapter presents a detailed tutorial in the context of the IoT along with its description, merits, demerits, and challenges. This chapter elaborates on the main challenges faced by the field of IoT, such as unpredictable behavior, robustness, concurrency, co-ordination, and many more. However, in today’s world, one of the major challenges that IoT has to deal with is the extremely dangerous security attacks that even can destroy the entire network. So, maintaining a balance between security and privacy is a challenging task for the IoT field. Therefore, this chapter explores and reviews good journal articles that discuss the security problems in the domain of IoT also elaborate on the technology used, as well as a solution to overcome the discussed problems. Based on the knowledge gathered from all the reviewed articles, this chapter discussed the research gaps for the current going on research in the domain of IoT security that need to be addressed in the upcoming future. IoT application provides a lot of benefits to the user, but in the case, if the IoT could not be able to secure the user information as well as data from hackers, outbreaks, and vulnerabilities, then IoT would not be considered as a secure domain. Furthermore, a critical analysis has been presented graphically for the evolution of the cybersecurity market in the domain of IoT. By reading this chapter, the readers will have a complete picture of the IoT domain as well as know the necessity for managing and controlling the security challenges faced by the field of IoT. Moreover, this chapter also allows the readers to understand and choose the research issues to carry out for their future research.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The IoT (internet of things) is the novel technology in the present period that aims at the inter-connection of every single entity in a real-world scenario [1]. With the help of this technique, we can trail anything from a distant position using Internet set-up. Also, the IoT states the association of gadgets to the internet. Cars, kitchen machines as well as pulse rate all would be associated through IoT [2]. Furthermore, as the IoT progresses in a subsequent couple of ages, further new devices will connect that rundown. IoT is considered as a structure of interrelated substances ready to collect and skill data using embedded sensors. In order to deliver the entire systems intended for a service or product, IoT acts as advanced computerization as well as analytics systems that feats big data, networking, sensing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technology. These systems allow more notable straightforwardness, control, and performance when applied to any industry or framework [3]. The IoT is a framework of interconnected computing gadgets, motorized as well as digital machinery, articles, faunas, or humans that are equipped with the unique identifier as well as the capability of transferring information over a setup without requiring a human to PC or else human to human associations [4].

The word “thing,” in the IoT things might be a human being with a heart screen implant, an animal with a bio-chip transponder, a car that has functioned in sensors to aware the car owner when tire weight is low or some other natural or man-made thing that can be allocated an IP address as well as outfitted with the capability to transfer above an internet. IoT has developed from the conjunction of wire-less skills, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), small-scale administrations as well as the web. Kevin Ashton, prime supporter as well as official chief of the Auto-ID focus at MIT, first whispered the IoT in an introduction he made in front of Procter and gamble in 1999 [5]. As per the novel research by Gartner, The IoT, which ignores PCs, tablets, and cell phones, will produce incremental income of more than $300 billion in amenities by 2020. The services involve equipment, embedded software, communications facilities as well as information amenities related to the things [6], [7]. Gartner predicted that 2.9 billion associated things will be in practice in the user area in the year 2015 and will spread over 13 billion in the year 2020. The motorized field will display the maximum progress rate at 96% in the year 2015.

Cryptography refers to the approaches and techniques which are developed and implemented for secured communication for specific channels [8, 9]. It is traditionally associated with the encryption approaches to secure the overall transmission. Security ideas can be executed simply by applying tools of cryptography for example message authentication outlines or encryption. Table 1.1 displays the evaluation of cryptography hash approaches applied in the network environment. Table 1.1 depicts different security-related algorithms with their description of various parameters. Also, Figure 1.1 shows the graphical illustration of traditional cryptography hash approaches using several parameters.

1.1.1 IOT: MERITS

The benefits of IoT navigate over each zone of lifespan as well as business. Here is a rundown of certain merits that IoT brings to the notice [7]:

1. Enhanced Client Engagement: In the current analysis, there occurs numerous flaws in the accuracy so involvement of the client becomes quite essential.
2. Innovation Optimization: The similar innovations that enhance client knowledge also improves gadget utilization, and help in more intense changes to advancement [8].
3. A Decrease in Waste: Current analysis provides us shallow understanding, but IoT provides real-world information provoking a more effective organization of assets.
4. Improved Data Gathering: Modern gathering of data encounters from its limitations and its design for passive use.

1.1.2 IOT: DEMERITS

Despite the way that IoT provides numerous benefits, it also offers asubstantial number of challenges [9]. Here is a summary of a couple of itsnoteworthy issues:

1. Security: IoT presents an environment of frequently related devices communicating over the networks.
2. Privacy: IoT gives extensive individual data in extreme detail without the customer’s active involvement.
3. Complexity: IoT systems are quite complicated regarding design as well as deployment.
4. Flexibility: Many are stressed over the flexibility of an IoT structure to facilitate quickly with another [10].
5. Compliance: IoT, like some other innovation in the area of business, must consent to guidelines.

TABLE 1.1 Evaluation of Cryptography Hash Approaches in Network Environment

Algorithm	Rounds	Word Size	Internal State Size	Block Size	Output Size (bits)
GOST	32	32	256	256	256
HAVAL	5	32	256	1,024	128
MD2	18	32	384	128	128
MD4	3	32	128	512	128
MD5	64	32	128	512	128
PANAMA	32	32	8,736	256	256
RIPEMD	48	32	128	512	128
RIPEMD-128/256	64	32	128/256	512	128/256
RIPEMD-160	80	32	160	512	160
RIPEMD-320	80	32	320	512	320
SHA-0	80	32	160	512	160
SHA-1	80	40	160	512	160
SHA-256	64	56	256	512	256
SHA-3	24	64	1,600	3,200	512
SHA3-224	24	64	1,600	1,152	224
SHA3-256	24	64	1,600	1,088	256
SHA3-384	24	64	1,600	832	384
SHA3-512	24	64	1,600	576	512
Tiger2	24	64	192	512	128
WHIRLPOOL	10	8	512	512	512
BLAKE2b	12	64	1,024	512	512
BLAKE2s	10	32	512	256	256

FIGURE 1.1 Graphical evaluation of traditional cryptography hash approaches.

1.2 CHALLENGES OF IOT

There are several challenges that IoT faces beyond costs and the ubiquity of devices such as [5]:

1. Device Similarity: IoT gadgets are genuinely uniform. They use a similar association innovation as well as modules [6]. In this, if one framework or gadget experiences powerlessness or suffers from a susceptibility then many more have a similar issue.
2. Long Device Life and Expired Support: One of the advantages of IoT gadgets is lifespan, although, that long life furthermore implies that they may outlast their gadget sustenance that is possible to some extent only.
3. No Upgrade Support: Many IoT gadgets acts in the same way as other portable and little gadgets do, which is not inte...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• About the Editors
• Table of Contents
• Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Organization of the Book
• Part I: Issues and Challenges in IoT
• Part II: IoT Applications
• Part III Integration of IoT with Blockchain and Cloud
• Index