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Python Machine Learning
Sebastian Raschka
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- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
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eBook - ePub
Python Machine Learning
Sebastian Raschka
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About This Book
Unlock deeper insights into Machine Leaning with this vital guide to cutting-edge predictive analytics
About This Book
- Leverage Python's most powerful open-source libraries for deep learning, data wrangling, and data visualization
- Learn effective strategies and best practices to improve and optimize machine learning systems and algorithms
- Ask – and answer – tough questions of your data with robust statistical models, built for a range of datasets
Who This Book Is For
If you want to find out how to use Python to start answering critical questions of your data, pick up Python Machine Learning – whether you want to get started from scratch or want to extend your data science knowledge, this is an essential and unmissable resource.
What You Will Learn
- Explore how to use different machine learning models to ask different questions of your data
- Learn how to build neural networks using Keras and Theano
- Find out how to write clean and elegant Python code that will optimize the strength of your algorithms
- Discover how to embed your machine learning model in a web application for increased accessibility
- Predict continuous target outcomes using regression analysis
- Uncover hidden patterns and structures in data with clustering
- Organize data using effective pre-processing techniques
- Get to grips with sentiment analysis to delve deeper into textual and social media data
In Detail
Machine learning and predictive analytics are transforming the way businesses and other organizations operate. Being able to understand trends and patterns in complex data is critical to success, becoming one of the key strategies for unlocking growth in a challenging contemporary marketplace. Python can help you deliver key insights into your data – its unique capabilities as a language let you build sophisticated algorithms and statistical models that can reveal new perspectives and answer key questions that are vital for success.
Python Machine Learning gives you access to the world of predictive analytics and demonstrates why Python is one of the world's leading data science languages. If you want to ask better questions of data, or need to improve and extend the capabilities of your machine learning systems, this practical data science book is invaluable. Covering a wide range of powerful Python libraries, including scikit-learn, Theano, and Keras, and featuring guidance and tips on everything from sentiment analysis to neural networks, you'll soon be able to answer some of the most important questions facing you and your organization.
Style and approach
Python Machine Learning connects the fundamental theoretical principles behind machine learning to their practical application in a way that focuses you on asking and answering the right questions. It walks you through the key elements of Python and its powerful machine learning libraries, while demonstrating how to get to grips with a range of statistical models.
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Information
Python Machine Learning
Table of Contents
Python Machine Learning
Credits
Foreword
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more
Why subscribe?
Free access for Packt account holders
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Giving Computers the Ability to Learn from Data
Building intelligent machines to transform data into knowledge
The three different types of machine learning
Making predictions about the future with supervised learning
Classification for predicting class labels
Regression for predicting continuous outcomes
Solving interactive problems with reinforcement learning
Discovering hidden structures with unsupervised learning
Finding subgroups with clustering
Dimensionality reduction for data compression
An introduction to the basic terminology and notations
A roadmap for building machine learning systems
Preprocessing – getting data into shape
Training and selecting a predictive model
Evaluating models and predicting unseen data instances
Using Python for machine learning
Installing Python packages
Summary
2. Training Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification
Artificial neurons – a brief glimpse into the early history of machine learning
Implementing a perceptron learning algorithm in Python
Training a perceptron model on the Iris dataset
Adaptive linear neurons and the convergence of learning
Minimizing cost functions with gradient descent
Implementing an Adaptive Linear Neuron in Python
Large scale machine learning and stochastic gradient descent
Summary
3. A Tour of Machine Learning Classifiers Using Scikit-learn
Choosing a classification algorithm
First steps with scikit-learn
Training a perceptron via scikit-learn
Modeling class probabilities via logistic regression
Logistic regression intuition and conditional probabilities
Learning the weights of the logistic cost function
Training a logistic regression model with scikit-learn
Tackling overfitting via regularization
Maximum margin classification with support vector machines
Maximum margin intuition
Dealing with the nonlinearly separable case using slack variables
Alternative implementations in scikit-learn
Solving nonlinear problems using a kernel SVM
Using the kernel trick to find separating hyperplanes in higher dimensional space
Decision tree learning
Maximizing information gain – getting the most bang for the buck
Building a decision tree
Combining weak to strong learners via random forests
K-nearest neighbors – a lazy learning algorithm
Summary
4. Building Good Training Sets – Data Preprocessing
Dealing with missing data
Eliminating samples or features with missing values
Imputing missing values
Understanding the scikit-learn estimator API
Handling categorical data
Mapping ordinal features
Encoding class labels
Performing one-hot encoding on nominal features
Partitioning a dataset in training and test sets
Bringing features onto the same scale
Selecting meaningful features
Sparse solutions with L1 regularization
Sequential feature selection algorithms
Assessing feature importance with random forests
Summary
5. Compressing Data via Dimensionality Reduction
Unsupervised dimensionality reduction via principal component analysis
Total and explained variance
Feature transformation
Principal component analysis in scikit-learn
Supervised data compression via linear discriminant analysis
Computing the scatter matrices
Selecting linear discriminants for the new feature subspace
Projecting samples onto the new feature space
LDA via scikit-learn
Using kernel principal component analysis for nonlinear mappings
Kernel functions and the kernel trick
Implementing a kernel principal component analysis in Python
Example 1 – separating half-moon shapes
Example 2 – separating concentric circles
Projecting new data points
Kernel principal component analysis in scikit-learn
Summary
6. Learning Best Practices for Model Evaluation and Hyperparameter Tuning
Streamlining workflows with pipelines
Loading the Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset
Combining transformers and estimators in a pipeline
Using k-fold cross-validation to assess model performance
The holdout method
K-fold cross-validation
Debugging algorithms with learning and validation curves
Diagnosing bias and variance problems with learning curves
Addressing overfitting and underfitting with validation curves
Fine-tuning machine learning models via grid search
Tuning hyperparameters via grid search
Algorithm selection with nested cross-validation
Looking at different performance evaluation metrics
Reading a confusion matrix
Optimizing the precision and recall of a classification model
Plotting a receiver operating characteristic
The scoring metrics for multiclass classification
Summary
7. Combining Different Models for Ensemble Learning
Learning with ensembles
Implementing a simple majority vote classifier
Combining different algorithms for classification with majority vote
Evaluating and tuning the ensemble classifier
Bagging – building an ensemble of classifiers from bootstrap samples
Leveraging weak learners via adaptive boosting
Summary
8. Applying Machine Learning to Sentiment Analysis
Obtaining the IMDb movie review dataset
Introducing the bag-of-words model
Transforming words into feature vectors
Assessing word relevancy via term freq...