Brain Disorders in Critical Illness

Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Robert D. Stevens, Tarek Sharshar, E. Wesley Ely

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Year: 2013
• Print ISBN:
  9781107029194
• eBook ISBN:
  9781107439597
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Anesthesiology & Pain Management

Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Contents
• Contributors
• Foreword
• Introduction
• Section 1 Epidemiology and Outcomes
• Chapter 1 The epidemiology of critical illness brain dysfunction
• Chapter 2 Cognitive dysfunction following critical illness
• Chapter 3 Psychiatric disorders following critical illnesses
• Chapter 4 Functional status and quality of life after critical illness
• Chapter 5 Delirium and dementia: unravelingthe complex relationship
• Section 2 Behavioral Neurology in the ICU
• Chapter 6 Cognitive reserve
• Chapter 7 Neurology of consciousness impairments
• Chapter 8 Mechanisms of attention and attentional impairment
• Chapter 9 Neurology of sleep and sleep disorders
• Chapter 10 Neural basis of fear and anxiety
• Chapter 11 Experimental models of cognitive dysfunction in infection and critical illness
• Chapter 12 Neurobiological effects of systemic physiological and metabolic insults
• Chapter 13 Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
• Chapter 15 Delirium and neurotransmitter dysfunction
• Chapter 16 Neuromodulatory and neurotoxic effects of sedative agents
• Chapter 17 Neuroimmunological cross-talk in critical illness
• Chapter 18 Inflammatory mechanisms in chronic neurodegenerative disease: the impact of microglia priming
• Chapter 19 The neuroendocrine response to critical illness
• Chapter 20 Autonomic dysfunction in SIRS and sepsis
• Chapter 21 Sepsis-induced neuronal dysfunction and death
• Chapter 22 Neuroimmunomodulation in sepsis
• Section 4 Diagnosis of Brain Dysfunction
• Chapter 23 Clinical neurological assessment of the critically ill patient
• Chapter 24 Bedside assessment of delirium in critically illpatients
• Chapter 25 Electroencephalography and evoked potentials in critically illpatients
• Chapter 26 Neuroimaging of delirium
• Section 5 Preventative and Therapeutic Interventions
• Chapter 27 Environmental modification
• Chapter 28 New paradigms in sedation of the critically ill patient
• Chapter 29 Pharmacological management of delirium
• Chapter 30 Pharmacogenomics and cerebral dysfunction
• Chapter 31 Early physical and occupational therapy
• Chapter 32 Rehabilitation after critical illness
• Section 6 Clinical Encephalopathy Syndromes
• Chapter 33 Drug-induced encephalopathy
• Chapter 34 Metabolic encephalopathies: inborn errors of metabolism causing encephalopathies in adults
• Chapter 35 Encephalopathy associated with alcohol or drug withdrawal
• Chapter 36 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): the essential elements
• Chapter 37 Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
• Chapter 38 Sepsis-associated encephalopathy
• Chapter 39 Seizures and status epilepticus in critical illness
• Chapter 40 Encephalopathy and coma in acute and chronic liver failure
• Chapter 41 Neurological complications of cardiac surgery: stroke, encephalopathy, and cognitive decline
• Glossary
• Index