Applications of Methods of Evaluation

Four Studies of the Encampment for Citizenship

Herbert H. Hyman, Charles R. Wright, Terence K. Hopkins

• Publisher: University of California Press
• Year: 2023
• Print ISBN:
  9780520321892
• Edition: 1
• eBook ISBN:
  9780520321908
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Sociology
• Index: Social Sciences

This title offers a detailed exploration of action research, emphasizing the importance of evaluation in the context of social action programs. Guided by Kurt Lewin's philosophy that research should yield practical results rather than merely produce academic texts, this book examines the research conducted from 1955 to 1959 on the Encampment for Citizenship, a program aimed at fostering civic engagement and character education among youth. The authors present the book as a resource for those engaged in character education and other youth-focused initiatives, showing how structured evaluations can inform and improve program outcomes. They discuss the complexities of evaluating social action programs, including the development of methodologies, the testing of evaluation instruments over time, and the comparative analysis of different research designs. By focusing on both the successes and challenges encountered, the book aims to contribute to the field by providing a replicable framework for evaluating similar programs, highlighting the practical alignment of research with social impact goals. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1962.

Many titles in the Voices Revived program are also newly available as ebooks, offered at a discounted price to support wider access to scholarly work.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• CONTENTS 1
• CHAPTER I
• INTRODUCTION
• CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM AND OTHER UNANTICIPATED RELEVANT OUTCOMES
• CONCEPTUALIZING THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM
• CONCEPTUALIZING UNANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND THE PROOF OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAM
• CONTROLLING FOR EXTRANEOUS SOURCES OF CHANGE BY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
• CONTROLLING FOR EFFECT OF REPEATED TESTING
• WORKABLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE CLASSIC CONTROL-GROUP DESIGN
• RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND THE REDUCTION OF ERROR
• QUALITY OF RESPONSE
• BIASES RESULTING FROM NONRESPONSE
• PROBLEMS OF INDEX CONSTRUCTION AND THE PROPER EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS
• WEIGHING EFFECTIVENESS IN THE LIGHT OF RESTRICTED CEILINGS FOR CHANGE
• WEIGHING EFFECTIVENESS IN TERMS OF INDIVIDUAL CHANGES
• WEIGHING EFFECTIVENESS BY COMBINING DISCRETE ASPECTS OF CHANGE
• WEIGHING THE AMOUNT OF EFFECTIVENESS AND TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
• UNDERSTANDING THE FINDINGS ON EFFECTIVENESS
• DESCRIBING THE PROGRAM
• DESCRIBING THE SUBJECTS
• DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS AMONG CONTRASTED TYPES OF SUBJECTS
• THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM
• INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES BY WHICH THE PROGRAM PRODUCES EFFECTS
• CHAPTER II
• INTRODUCTION
• DIVERSITY WITHIN THE TOTAL ENCAMPMENT
• A PORTRAIT OF THE SUBGROUPS
• CAMPERS’ SOCIAL VALUES, ATTITUDES, AND OPINIONS
• SOCIAL VALUES ON THE FIRST DAY OF CAMP
• CAMPERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• INITIAL OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES ON SOCIAL ISSUES
• THE CAMPER AND THE REST OF SOCIETY
• CHAPTER III
• INTRODUCTION
• THE NATURE OF THE ENCAMPMENT
• THE EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM
• THE COMMUNAL LIFE
• THE SUMMER AS SEEN BY THE CAMPERS
• EXPECTATIONS, FULFILLMENTS, AND DISAPPOINTMENTS
• REACTIONS TO THE FORMAL PROGRAM
• REACTIONS TO THE NONDIDACTIC FEATURES OF THE ENCAMPMENT
• DISRUPTIVE ELEMENTS DURING THE ENCAMPMENT AND SOME OF THEIR DETERMINANTS
• SALIENT ELEMENTS IN THE ENCAMPMENT FROM THE CAMPERS’ VIEW
• CAMPERS’ SELF-ESTIMATES OF CHANGE
• CHAPTER IV
• INTRODUCTION
• REGIONS OF CHANGE
• CHANGES IN SALIENT SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND OPINIONS
• CHANGES IN BASIC VALUES
• CHANGES IN ACTION ORIENTATION
• CHANGES IN COGNITION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• CHANGES IN CAMPERS’ PERCEIVED RELATIONSHIP WITH THE REST OF SOCIETY
• DEMOCRATIC CONDUCT DURING THE SUMMER
• SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PRESTIGE SYMBOLS
• AN EXPERIMENT IN RESISTANCE TO PROPAGANDA
• WOULD THERE BE IMPROVEMENT WITHOUT AN ENCAMPMENT?
• SUMMARY INTERPRETATION
• CHAPTER V
• INTRODUCTION
• EXPLORING FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGES IN CAMPERS’ ATTITUDES DURING THE ENCAMPMENT—DIDACTIC AND COMMUNAL ASPECTS
• THE CONTRIBUTION OF OTHER FACTORS DISRUPTIVE EXPERIENCES AND CHANGES
• RACE AND ETHNICITY AS FACTORS GOVERNING CHANGE
• THE ECOLOGY OF THE CALIFORNIA ENCAMPMENT: PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION
• PROCESSES UNDERLYING CHANGES DURING ENCAMPMENT
• CHAPTER VI
• INTRODUCTION
• THE STUDY OF THE 1955 GROUP
• PERCEPTION OF THE HOME COMMUNITY
• INFORMAL RELATIONSHIPS AFTER THE RETURN HOME
• ATTEMPTS TO APPLY ENCAMPMENT PRINCIPLES WITHIN THE HOME SETTING
• SUBJECTIVE REPORTS OF CHANGES AFTER THE ENCAMPMENT
• CHAPTER VII STABILITY OF EFFECTS WITHIN THE HOME SETTING AND ITS DETERMINANTS INTRODUCTION
• REGIONS OF CHANGE SALIENT SOCIAL OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES WITHIN THE HOME SETTING
• ACTION ORIENTATION IN THE HOME SETTING
• COGNITION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• PERCEIVED RELATIONSHIP WITH THE REST OF SOCIETY
• DIFFERENTIAL PATTERNS OF STABILITY AS RELATED TO ETHNICITY AND SOCIAL SETTING
• STABILITY OF EFFECTS AS RELATED TO SOCIAL SUPPORT
• CHAPTER VIII
• INTRODUCTION
• COLLEGE AND THE ENCAMPMENT—THE GROUPS STUDIED
• THE COLLEGE SUBGROUP
• THE CONTROL GROUP
• THE FINDINGS
• CAMPUS POLITICAL LIFE
• ACADEMIC LIFE
• THE VALUE OF A COLLEGE EDUCATION
• CONCLUSION
• CHAPTER IX
• INTRODUCTION
• THE QUALITY OF THE EVIDENCE
• THE OLD ENCAMPMENT—FORGOTTEN EPISODE OR LIVING MEMORY?
• THE INTERVENING YEARS
• REGIONS OF CHANGE SALIENT SOCIAL OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES—FOUR YEARS LATER
• CHANGES IN COGNITION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• ALIENATION AND ANOMIE
• LONG-RANGE IMPACT ON CONDUCT
• CHANGE AS AN ABRUPT OR EROSIVE PHENOMENON
• STABILITY AND CHANGE BY RACE, SOCIAL CONTEXT, AND HISTORY
• STABILITY IN RELATION TO POST-ENCAMPMENT CONTACTS AND REFERENCE GROUPS
• CHAPTER X
• INTRODUCTION
• PROCEDURAL DIFFICULTIES AND ERROR RESPONSE ERROR
• SAMPLING PROBLEMS AND NONRESPONSE
• THE FINDINGS AND THEIR AGREEMENT WITH THE 1955 FOLLOW-UP
• ATTITUDE SCALES USED IN MEASURING EFFECTS OF ENCAMPMENT FOR CITIZENSHIP
• QUESTIONNAIRES
• THE USE OF AN INDEX OF EFFECTIVENESS TO CORRECT FOR CEILING EFFECTS
• TURNOVER TABLES AND TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
• <INDEX>INDEX OF NAMES