Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests

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• Publisher: National Academies Press
• Year: 1997
• eBook ISBN:
  9780309174787
• Edition: 0
• Topic: Medicine

During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.

Table of contents

• COVER PAGE
• SUBCOMMITTEE ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
• BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
• COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES
• OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
• OTHER RECENT REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
• PREFACE
• CONTENTS
• SUMMARY
• TOXICOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ARMY'S ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE DISPERSION TESTS
• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 INPUT FROM THE PUBLIC
• 3 TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• 4 TOXICITY AND RELATED DATA ON SELECTED CADMIUM COMPOUNDS
• 5 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
• 6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION OF EXPOSURES TO ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• 7 SCIENTIFIC FEASIBILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY
• 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE U.S. BIOLOGIC-WARFARE PROGRAM
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE U.S. BIOLOGIC-WARFARE PROGRAM
• BIOLOGIC-WARFARE TESTING
• SELECTION OF SIMULANT MATERIALS
• SELECTION OF TEST CITIES AND OTHER TEST SITES
• ARMY TESTS WITH BIOLOGIC AND NONBIOLOGIC SIMULANTS
• SOME EXAMPLES OF ARMY TESTS WITH BIOLOGIC SIMULANTS
• ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE DISPERSION TESTS
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX B SUMMARY OF DOSES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE PARTICLES FROM THE ARMY'S DISPERSION TESTS
• SUMMARY OF DOSES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE PARTICLES FROM THE ARMY'S DISPERSION TESTS
• I. INTRODUCTION
• 2. SUMMARY OF RESULTS
• APPROACH AND METHODS
• 3. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES
• 4. REFERENCE LIST
• APPENDIX C CORRESPONDENCE FROM THE ARMY
• APPENDIX D INTERACTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM AND TOXICITY OF ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE ACTIVATORS
• INTERACTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM AND TOXICITY SULFIDE ACTIVATORS
• INTERACTION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM
• TOXICITY OF COPPER AND SILVER
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX E PUBLIC MEETING AGENDAS
• APPENDIX F SAMPLING AND ANALYTIC METHODS FOR ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• SAMPLING AND ANALYTIC METHODS FOR ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• FILTER SAMPLING
• ROTOROD SAMPLING
• TAPE SAMPLING
• PARTICLE COUNTING
• REFERENCES
• APPENDIX G REVIEW OF AEHA RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• REVIEW OF AEHA RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• APPENDIX H REVIEW OF EPA, ATSDR, AND CDC COMMENTS ON THE ARMY'S RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• REVIEW OF EPA, ATSDR, AND CDC COMMENTS ON THE ARMY'S RISK-ASSESSMENT REPORTS ON ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE
• APPENDIX I CADMIUM EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, TRANSPORT, AND ENVIRONMENT FATE
• CADMIUM EPOSURE ASSESSMENT, TRANSPORT, AND ENVIRONMENT FATE
• EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CADMIUM
• SOURCES AND SINKS
• EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
• REFERENCES
• Glossary