The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been considering a more stringent regulation of arsenic in water. A significant reduction in the maximum contaminant level (MCL) could increase compliance costs for water utilities. This book discusses the adequacy of the current EPA MCL for protecting human health in the context of stated EPA policy and provides an unbiased scientific basis for deriving the arsenic standard for drinking water and surface water.Arsenic in Drinking Water evaluates epidemiological data on the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects of arsenic exposure of Taiwanese populations and compares those effects with the effects of arsenic exposure demonstrated in other countries"e;including the United States.The book also reviews data on toxicokinetics, metabolism, and mechanism and mode of action of arsenic to ascertain how these data could assist in assessing human health risks from arsenic exposures. This volume recommends specific changes to improve the toxicity analyses and risk characterization. The implications of the changes for EPAs current MCL for arsenic are also described.
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Table of contents
- COVER PAGE
- Subcommittee on Arsenic in Drinking Water
- Committee on Toxicology
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
- Commission on Life Sciences
- Other Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
- Preface
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1988 Risk Assessment for Arsenic
- 3 Chemistry and Analysis of Arsenic Species in Water, Food, Urine, Blood, Hair, and Nails
- 4 Health Effects of Arsenic
- 5 Disposition of Inorganic Arsenic
- 6 Biomarkers of Arsenic Exposure
- 7 Mechanisms of Toxicity
- 8 Variation in Human Sensitivity
- 9 Essentiality and Therapeutic Uses
- 10 Statistical Issues
- 11 Risk Characterization
- Addendum to Chapter 9 Experimental Conditions for Nutritional Studies with Arsenic
- Addendum to Chapter 10 Table A10-1 Internal Cancer Data From Arsenic-exposure Studies Conducted In Taiwan Region Endemic To Blackfoot Disease
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