What role did the Freikorps play in the Weimar Republic?

Michael Gärtner

• Publisher: GRIN Verlag
• Year: 2003
• eBook ISBN: 9783638194990
• Edition: 0
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: German History
• Index: History

Essay from the year 2003 in the subject History of Germany - World War I, Weimar Republic, grade: 62%, University of Wales, Aberystwyth (Department of History), language: English, abstract: In this essay I shall examine the role of the Freikorps in the Weimar Republic and show how theychanged from loyal government troops in 1918 – 1920, to reactionary forces by 1923. To somehistorians, the Freikorps have no place in political history, but rather in military history. They seemto ignore the fact that civil wars were sometimes more important than conventional wars. Thepolitically motivated soldiers of the 20th century conflicts were decisive from the Red Guards of theOctober Revolution in Russia to the Vietminh of the 1950s and 1960s, and up to the Mujjahedin inAfghanistan in the 1980s. The Freikorps fought and defeated the large threat from Communism, minimised territorial losses on the borders and prevented national secession. The movement startedwith honest aims, but once routine crept in and disappointment rose very high, the soldiers becamedisillusioned by the government which they felt had "betrayed" them.When we look at the Freikorps, we have to distinguish between the time up to their officialdisbanding and the time afterwards, when they were just underground fighters with the ultimate aimof crushing the Republic. The Freikorps can be split into three groups. The first group had generalsor wartime officers as their superiors; these were conservatives who had no enthusiasm for thedemocratic republic, but in most cases they had moderate political views and disbanded their unitswhen the main dangers to the state had been warded of. Usually these units ended up in theReichswehr. The second group, which were the majority of the Freikorps, were local defencegroups, or units, which were formed and disbanded within weeks or months. But in these units, there were many officers whose political views changed over the years. This will be the thirdgroup. It is here that the most radical leaders can be found. They and their soldiers could not acceptthat Germany had been defeated on the front line – they detested the left wing parties for the "stabin back"1 and hated the government who signed the Armistice. [...]1 Field Marshall v. Hindenburg, when asked why Germany lost the war, brought up this legend.