Balkan Wars

Habsburg Croatia, Ottoman Bosnia, and Venetian Dalmatia, 1499–1617

James D. Tracy

• Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
• Year: 2016
• eBook ISBN: 9781442213609
• Edition: 1
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Eastern European History
• Index: History

Distinguished scholar James D. Tracy shows how the Ottoman advance across Europe stalled in the western Balkans, where three great powers confronted one another in three adjoining provinces: Habsburg Croatia, Ottoman Bosnia, and Venetian Dalmatia. Until about 1580, Bosnia was a platform for Ottoman expansion, and Croatia steadily lost territory, while Venice focused on protecting the Dalmatian harbors vital for its trade with the Ottoman east. But as Habsburg-Austrian elites coalesced behind military reforms, they stabilized Croatia's frontier, while Bosnia shifted its attention to trade, and Habsburg raiders crossing Dalmatia heightened tensions with Venice. The period ended with a long inconclusive war between Habsburgs and Ottomans, and a brief inconclusive war between Austria and Venice. Based on rich primary research and a masterful synthesis of key studies, this book is the first English-language history of the early modern Western Balkans. More broadly, it brings out how the Ottomans and their European rivals conducted their wars in fundamentally different ways. A sultan's commands were not negotiable, and Ottoman generals were held to a time-tested strategy for conquest. Habsburg sovereigns had to bargain with their elites, and it took elaborate processes of consultation to rally provincial estates behind common goals. In the end, government-by-consensus was able to withstand government-by-command.

Table of contents

• Title Page
• Introduction
• Prologue: Ottoman Expansion in the Balkans, 1453–1499
• Hungary and Venice Defeated, 1499–1526
• The Ottoman Advantage: Advances in Slavonia, Croatia, and Dalmatia, 1527–1541
• Diplomacy and Kleinkrieg , 1542–1556
• War by Consultation vs. War by Command, 1556–1576
• War in a Time of Peace, 1576–1593
• Two Wars and Three Borders, 1593–1618
• Conclusion
• Glossary
• Bibliography
• Index