Tourism Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map for Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (2016-2018)

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• Publisher: Asian Development Bank
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9789292577490
• eBook ISBN: 9789292577506
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Hospitality, Travel & Tourism Industry
• Index: Business

This report documents tourism sector investment priorities of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the governments of Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam. It highlights sector performance, priority development constraints, government plans and strategies, past ADB support and experience, and other development partner support. The report provides sector background information for ADB's investment and technical assistance operations and will be updated as strategic developments and program changes are needed.

Appendix 1
Problem Tree for Tourism in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam

Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic; UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Note: The World Economic Forum defines tourism competitiveness as the set of factors and policies that enable the sustainable development of the travel and tourism sector, comprising four subindexes: (i) enabling environment, (ii) travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions, (iii) infrastructure, and (iv) natural and cultural resources.

Appendix 2
Development Partner Assistance: Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam

––– = data not available; ADB = Asian Development Bank; ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations; CBI = Center for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands); CIM = Centre for International Migration and Development; GIZ = Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit; GMS = Greater Mekong Subregion; Govt. = Government; HSF = Hanns Seidel Foundation; ICIMOD = International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; ILO = International Labour Organization; ITC = International Trade Centre; JFPR = Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction; JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency; Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic; MIID = Myanmar Institute for Integrated Development; NZAID = New Zealand International Development Agency; SDC = Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; SECO = Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs; SNV = Netherlands Development Organization; UK = United Kingdom; UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNWTO = United Nations World Tourism Organization; UXO = unexploded ordnance; WCS = Wildlife Conservation Society; WWF = World Wildlife Fund.

Source: ADB estimates.

Appendix 3
Strategic Linkages

ADB = Asian Development Bank; ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations; CLMV = Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam; COBP = country operations business plan; HRD = human resource development; Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

Source: Asian Development Bank.

¹ The tourism sector is defined as the cluster of production units in different industries that provide consumption goods and services demanded by visitors. Tourism entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business purposes. These people are called visitors (or tourists), who may be either overnight or same-day visitors, residents or nonresidents. Tourism involves their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure (United Nations World Tourism Organization).

² ADB. 2014. Midterm Review of Strategy 2020: Meeting the Challenges of a Transforming Asia and Pacific. Manila. Inclusive growth is defined as economic growth that is broad-based across sectors and creates good jobs that benefit a large proportion of the population. It reduces the vulnerability of the poor and expands access to social services and productive assets for all.

³ World Travel & Tourism Council. 2016. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016 World. London.

⁴ United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2015. UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, January. Madrid.

⁵ ADB. 2016. Basic Statistics 2016. Manila.

⁶ United Nations Development Programme. 2015. Human Development Report 2015. New York.

⁷ World Bank. 2014. World Development Indicators Database. Washington, DC.

⁸ ADB. 2012. Asian Development Outlook 2012. Manila.

⁹ M. Santana-Gallego, F. Ledesma-Rodríguez, and J. Pèrez-Rodríguez. 2016. International Trade and Tourism Flows: An Extension of the Gravity Model. Elsevier.

¹⁰ Overall average expenditure per visitor figures in Table 3 includes overnight visitor and day-tripper spending.

¹¹ United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2016. UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, May. Madrid.

¹² Grant Thornton. 2015. Women in Business: The Path to Leadership. London.

¹³ A substantial base is defined as at least 25,000 annual arrivals from the source market considered.

¹⁴ H. Ashton and L. Korpi. 2009. Asia Awakens: The Growth of Casino Tourism. London.

¹⁵ Ministry of Tourism, Cambodia. 2013. Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2013. Phnom Penh.

¹⁶ Ministry of Information, Culture, and Tourism, Lao PDR. 2015. Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2015. Vientiane.

¹⁷ Ministry of Hotels and Tourism, Myanmar. 2015. Myanmar Tourism Statistics 2015. Nay Pyi Taw.

¹⁸ The electronic visa system was launched in September 2014.

¹⁹ GMS includes the Kingdom of Cambodia, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province of the People’s Republic of China, the Lao PDR, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the Kingdom of Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

²⁰ Viet Nam National Administration of Tourism. 2014. Viet Nam Tourism Statistics 2014. Ha Noi.

²¹ Boeing. 2015. Current Market Outlook 2014–2033. Seattle.

²² The bridge is situated in the GMS East–West Economic Corridor.

²³ United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2014. Visa Openness Report 2014. Madrid.

²⁴ World Economic Forum. 2015. The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015. Geneva.

²⁵ J. Guggenheim et al. 2014. Travel Goes Mobile. Boston Consulting Group.

²⁶ Tripadvisor.com. Accessed 5 June 2015.

²⁷ Internetlive.com. Accessed 5 June 2015.

²⁸ ADB. 2016. Asian Development Outlook 2016: Asia’s Potential Growth. Manila.

²⁹ ADB. 2012. Assessment of Public–Private Partnerships in Viet Nam: Constraints and Opportunities. Manila; ADB. 2012. Assessment of Public–Private Partnerships in Cambodia: Constraints and Opportunities. Manila.

³⁰ Mekong Tourism Coordinating Office. 2015. Experience Mekong: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism...

Table of contents

• Front Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Tables
• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• I Introduction
• II Sector Assessment: Context and Strategic Issues
• III Sector Strategy
• Appendix 1 Problem Tree for Tourism in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam
• Appendix 2 Development Partner Assistance: Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, and Viet Nam
• Appendix 3 Strategic Linkages
• Back Cover