Part I: 1934
Wolfe and the Maxim Lieber Agency
At the time this correspondence begins, Thomas Wolfe was acknowledged to be one of the most promising novelists of his time. In 1929 he had published Look Homeward, Angel, an autobiographical novel about the early years of a young man named Eugene Gant growing up in a small Southern city in the Appalachians, and after a Guggenheim fellowship had allowed him a year free of financial worry, he had published three short novels in Scribnerâs Magazine, âA Portrait of Bascom Hawke,â âThe Web of Earth,â and âNo Doorâ (really a five-section sample of âwork in progressâ from his second novel). He was running out of money by 1933, having used up the generous advance on royalties that Charles Scribnerâs Sons had given him for his next novel, and he needed an agent who could help him sell some of his shorter episodes in the lucrative periodical market. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, recommended Elizabeth Nowell, a former member of the Scribner staff, who was now working at the Maxim Lieber agency.
The first piece that Wolfe sent to her was âBoom Town,â a short novel about a young man returning to his home in the South, stirred by the memories it evoked but appalled by the changes that speculation in real estate had brought about in the people.
Maxim Lieber
545 Fifth Avenue
New York City
December 1, 1933
Dear Mr. Wolfe:
Here is your copy of Boom Town.1 I think itâs swell, and hope you and Mr. Perkins2 will too. There are a few more persnickety changes that Lieber and I thought of for the last ten pages we did when we were all so exhausted. They are so slight that weâve sent the manuscript to Cosmopolitan today as planned, but some time after youâve read this over we might have one more session to discuss it. How would next Wednesday night do? I promise you itâll be a very short and peaceful session.
I hope you had a swell time on your week-end and are all rested up so you can sweep on with your book. Weâll try to leave you in peace for a while now, but any time you want to bring the other stories over Iâd love to start reading them.
Yours for bigger and
better markets,
Elizabeth Nowell
1. Published in the American Mercury, May 1934.
2. Maxwell Perkins, senior editor of Charles Scribnerâs Sons, Wolfeâs publisher.
Maxim Lieber
545 Fifth Avenue
New York City
December 15, 1933
Dear Mr. Wolfe:
Here are some voluminous reactions to âIn the Park.â I hope they wonât drive you wild and that youâll agree more or less. Iâm not mailing the story because I think you said you had another copy and I didnât want it floating around in the undependable Christmas mails too much. Whether you agree more, less, or not at all I hope youâll give us a ring when you feel like it and hash it all over with us some night.
Yours
Maxim Lieber
Elizabeth Nowell
Committee for the Torture
of Authors
In the Park1
There are three reasons why Iâm enthusiastic about your doing something with this: First, because it really has the feeling of that timeâthe âNew York was awfully nice in those daysâ feeling. I think you could sharpen that up in spots but itâs there anyway, in the descriptions and the quality of it, and in the gaiety and naivete of the way the people talked and acted. I think that feeling also has elements of popular appeal because God knows everybody loves the dear dead days. Secondly, people are always saying that you canât write about anything except what has actually happened to you in the past, and Iâd just like to show them . . . And thirdly, this is short and consequently more saleable than a long story, soâ
However, I may as well burst into the old refrain now as later. As it stands it is a narrative or a reminiscence and not what our friends the editors call a story. The more we can center it on the automobile idea the better the chances will be for selling it and the better the price, so I hope you wonât mind too much if we harp continuously on that.
Therefore, what I wish youâd doâroughly and open to discussionâis this:
Plant the automobile idea in the first page by having the girl and her father see one as they walk up Broadway. Otherwise leave the first page up to the stars on page 2 mostly as it is, with maybe a little more heightening of the description. For instance, did the theatres have electric lights outside them or what in those days, and maybe could you suggest in just a couple of phrases what beautiful women were like because it seems to me that they were beautiful differently and dressed differently from any other time. Otherwise swell, up to the two priests, except that I wonder if a young girl of that era would say âGodâ so much???
I think the part about the two priests should be cut and sharpened somewhat. I wish youâd leave out the part about going to the convent which, believe it or not, is digression and doesnât help any despite its indisputable charm. I think it would help if the girl and her father went to Whiteâs and met the priests there and the conversation between them took place actually on that night instead of being vaguely remembered as having once occurred. I also think you could do just a speck more with the look and feeling of the restaurant, like that paragraph in the long piece about the train you left with me where you say âin great restaurants the light was brighter gold, but full and round like warm onyx columns, smooth warmly tinted marble, old wine in dark rounded age-encrusted bottles, and the great blonde figures of naked women on rose clouded ceilings.â Maybe that wouldnât be true of Whiteâs but I bet Mr. Chapin would remember what it looked like enough for you to get a couple of sentences out of it, or I could try to find some pictures of it. I mean briefly, of course, or the automobile will get lost in the excitement.
Then have Mr. Gates come in, etc. etc., as is except for leaving out the little scattered reminiscences here and there like the part about his wife and his collection of Japanese curios2 maybe. I donât think the driver should get so drunk that he couldnât even walk because that made me keep wondering how he was able to drive the car so well and why the girl wasnât more nervous, even if she was naive and of the pre-prohibition era. I also think you could put in a few more sentences telling how they actually started and describing the first thrill the girl got to be driving up there in the front seat so fast. The part about the policeman is swell and the sort of thing we want to stress most.
It is about the end that the real argument will begin. It seems to us that the automobile fades away too much in the excitement about the dawn and the birds and everything. Scribnerâs and Harperâs would probably disregard this for the sake of all the other good qualities, but still weâd much rather it ended on a more definite note. Perhaps having the car break down and be towed by a horse is too banal, but couldnât it just break down and leave them sitting there waiting for a carriage to come along and take them home. While they were waiting they could hear the birds and be so thrilled that they didnât mind just sitting there, but finally they could hear a horse clopping along and the driver could pull up and take them in and vent some more disgust for those new-fangled cars, and let it end on that note more or less. Or maybe youâll have some other much better idea how to end it, but please end it with the automobile????
Yours
Miss Nowell and Lieber
1. Published in Harperâs Bazaar, June 1935, and included later in From Death to Morning. The speaker in this story, Esther Jack, reminisces about a time in the early 1900s when she went out with her father to a fine restaurant and then for a ride in an automobile through Central Park.
2. The omission of the reference to the convent and to the Japanese curios are the only two suggestions that Wolfe accepted.
Maxim Lieber
545 Fifth Avenue
New York City
January 31, 1934
Dear Mr. Wolfe:
Iâve been trying to leave you in peace but the time now seems ripe to burst in where the angels fear to tread so I hope you and Perkins will forgive me.
First of all, about âBoom Town.â Weâve been bickering with Harperâs about it for almost a month and have finally had to accept defeat at their hands. After reading it twice they finally said they might take it with certain cuts which they specified, so we tried cutting it and showing them the result on the understanding that your approval would have to be obtained. We didnât want to bother you and take you away from the book until we were sure they would take it, which theyâve finally decided that they canât do. The reason Iâm writing you now is that we think this shorter version is better and infinitely more saleable. The various people who saw the first version all complained about its length and also about the stuttering brother whose presence they couldnât understand. Of course in a book he would work in all right, but I do agree with the editorâs complaint that in this heâs too much of a shock and bound to take away the emphasis from the real estate theme. Of course too thereâs the old taboo about stuttering planted firmly in editorâs minds because they think it slows up the reading too much, but the chief trouble is that Lee overshadows the boom theme. Anyway, instead of going into more explanations, Iâm enclosing a copy of the new shorter version so you can see what you think of it. If you think itâs all right we want to keep on trying the other magazines with it instead of the longer version.
In the meanwhile, Gringrich, the editor of that new manâs magazine in Chicago, âEsquire,â came in to see Lieber and said he was anxious to have something from you. He practically promised to take anything at all possible and to pay $175 for it which is $75 above his usual rate. The catch is that he canât use anything over 3000 words. Iâve been wondering if youâd want to try him with the part of âMorning in the Cityâ about the man getting up.1 There really isnât a chance in the world of selling the four parts complete and it seems as if this would be ideal for Esquire because it would be looked askance at by the more prudish magazines like Harperâs, Atlantic, and the mass periodicals. It would have to have an ending tacked on to it to be a real story, but I wonder if you couldnât think of some kind of catastrophe that could happen to the man to round it out and to break off all his luxury and power with one short, sudden jolt. Perhaps he could find heâd lost his shirt in the Market, or was going to be called before the Senate Committee, or could get angina pectoris or something, but I mustnât let my imagination run away with me, especially when yours can run so much farther, faster, and better.
Anyway, weâll be looking forward to getting your reactions to both these situations when you get a chance to let us know. And Iâm still hoping youâll do something with the automobile story sometime. I never thanked you for your Christmas card but I do now very much. I hope we can send you one for Easter or Valentineâs or something in the form of a check for one thing or another.
Yours, Elizabeth Nowell
1. An early character sketch of Mr. Jack, which Wolfe later incorporated into âThe Party at Jackâs.â
February 2, 1934
[carbon copy]
Dear Miss Nowell:
Thanks for your letter and for the revised copy of âBoom Town.â I have not been able to read your revision carefully yet, but I shall read it over the week-end.
I am sorry you have had to work so hard on this and have had no better luck placing it. Of course thereâs no use arguing with Editors who know what they want or think they do, and I donât know of anything I can do to free them from their quaint superstitions concern...