The darkened cocktail lounge of the St. Paul airport Marriott is a social petri dish, commingling business travelers from otherwise unrelated companies, cities, and professions. The loungeâs ferns-and-brass ambiance offers these road warriors a comforting mixture of familiarity and anonymity.
In between serving Sam Adams and Kendall-Jackson chardonnay, bartenders witness the nightly routine of strangers engaged in flirtation, a timeworn ritual that often progresses from suggestive glances to the elevator banks in two hours or less. Had these bartenders studied Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldtâs research in evolutionary anthropology, theyâd realize that theyâre front and center at a nightly performance of the flirtation tangoâa series of dance steps choreographed over the millennia by the Martha Graham of mating dances, Mother Nature herself.
Whether a woman regularly quotes Carrie Bradshaw from Sex and the City or belongs to a society with no written language, sheâll flirt using almost exactly the same nonverbal signals as other women across continents, cultures, and geographies. Eibl-Eibesfeldt discovered that women from around the globeâfrom craggy, remote islands to metropolitan epicentersâuse the same repertoire of gestures when determining whether a potential mate is available and interested. Flirting, like all fascinations, is innate.
The Canoodling Tango
In her aptly named book, Sex, Joann Ellison Rodgers describes Eibl-Eibesfeldtâs discovery on just how all women flirt. A female begins fascinating a male by smiling at him, raising her brows to make her eyes appear wider and more childlike, quickly lowering her lids while tucking her chin slightly down, in an effort to bring him closer. After averting her gaze to the side, she will, within moments and almost without exception, put her hands on or near her mouth and giggle, lick her lips, or thrust out her chest while gazing at the object of her intended affection. And itâs consistent, regardless of language, socioeconomic status, or religious upbringing. For men, says Rodgers, the fascination ritual is less submissive but no less standardized. Heâll puff out his chest, jut his chin, arch his back, gesture with his hands and arms, and swagger in dominant motions to draw attention to his power (not unlike the way a male pigeon puffs his chest, or a male gorilla struts). Like a womanâs flirtation, heâs advertising critical cues about his reproductive fitness.
Fascination. Flirtation. Fornication.
Just as weâre born to be fascinated by specific signals from potential mates, weâre also born knowing how to fascinate them as well. Flirtation is the most elemental of all fascinations, one of a handful of instinctive cues upon which all life depends. No flirtation, no mating. No mating, no offspring. No offspring, no family, no passing of the genes, no species.
Fascination isnât the same as sex, of course. However, sex does provide a conveniently accurate metaphor. And unlike, say, South American bird watching, sex is a universal phenomenon. So for purposes of making our point academically, sex it shall be.
Fascination Is a Force of Attraction
This force of attraction heightens intellectual, emotional, and physical focus. Couples in the St. Paul Marriott fall into this captivated grip, and you experience it, too. When you impulsively decide to see a certain movie, when you crave your favorite chocolate almond ice cream, or when you hit repeat on your iPod to hear that song one more time, youâre experiencing a similarâif less intenseâattraction.
Attraction doesnât have to make sense. In most cases, at traction is highly irrational. We generally donât decide to be fascinated any more than we decide to be attracted to a certain person, because root causes for our fascinations are hardwired into us long before we have any say in the matter.
Fascination takes many forms, but all tap into instinctive triggers, such as the need to hunt, to control, to feel secure, to nurture and be nurtured. Some fascinations last only a heartbeat, while others last beyond a seventy-fifth wedding anniversary. No matter how long it lasts, or what behavior it motivates, or which trigger inspires it, every fascination binds with a singularly intense connection. We are, if only for a moment, utterly spellbound. Herein lies the power of fascination: It strips away our usual rational barriers, exposing our minds, leaving us vulnerable to influence, naked to persuasion.
Speaking of naked, letâs check back in with our couples flirting in the St. Paul airport Marriott lounge.
At the bar, a paralegal is progressing nicely through her flirtation with the service engineer from Sacramento. Theyâre performing their steps in the mating dance with predictable precision. Yes, itâs all a bit crazy. But if the notion that youâre not in control of your flirtation seems crazy, take heart: Youâre not as crazy as you will become, once infatuated.
The Mental Disorder Known as Infatuation
As things progress during flirtation, our neurochemistry rewards us with a psychotic journey known as âinfatuation.â Fascination and infatuation both originate in the limbic area of the brain, the part that houses rage, ecstasy, sadness, sexual arousal, and fight-or-flight.
In the book Love Sick: Love as a Mental Illness, Frank Tallis writes that if we take the symptoms of falling in love and âcheck them against accepted diagnostic criteria for mental illness, we find that most âloversâ qualify for diagnoses of obsessional illness, depression or manic depression.â Other symptoms include insomnia, hyperactivity, and loss of appetite. Ah, ainât love grand? Northwestern University psychologist Eli Finkel describes how falling in love can âmake otherwise normal people do very wild things. Theyâll stalk, hack into e-mail, eavesdrop and do other things theyâd never do in a rational frame of mind.â Helen Fisher, an evolutionary anthropologist, explains that the elevated dopamine levels experienced during the rush of falling in love can drive us to take risks that might otherwise seem unthinkable. So love really does conquer all, and not always in a good way.
But wait. Hold on. Why would our brains throw us into a temporary insanity? Whatâs the evolutionary purpose for this whacked-out loss of control? To understand why fascination grasps us so irresistibly, keep in mind the illogic of flirtation, and the lunacy of love.
Fascination, as weâve seen, is a visceral and primal decision-making process, one thatâs largely involuntary. Fisher says that our brains are literally âbuilt to fall in loveâ because itâs in our evolutionary best interest not to think clearly during the two-year time period it takes to meet, court, and produce a child, or else we might come to our senses and avoid the inconvenience of child rearing altogether. Tallis agrees, proposing that evolution has hardwired us for psychopathological romantic obsessions that last âjust long enough to ensure the survival of genes from one generation to the next.â
First Comes Love, Then Comes Marriage, Then Comes the Survival of the Species in a Baby Carriage
Most elements of fascination work at the subconscious level. Unlike the act of paying attention, which is rational, our fascinations have more in common with less logical behaviors of passion. We donât even realize itâs happening, any more than we realize that weâre flirting for reasons that have less to do with hearts and flowers and more to do with our biological urge to procreate. Whether you realize it or not, you experience fascinationâs irrational grip.
Now that weâve covered flirtation and falling in love, itâs time to go a step further, and find out why your body is equipped to manufacture the quintessential fascination.
Orgasm: The Ultimate Fascination
If flirtation and sex are metaphors for fascination, then the experience of orgasm itself is fascination in the extreme. Ground-breaking human sex researcher Alfred Kinsey described the fascination of sexual climax: âSome, and perhaps most persons may become momentarily unconscious at the moment of orgasmâŚonly vaguely aware of reality.â Freud noted that orgasm brings an almost complete disappearance of thought, a hypnoid state with a temporary loss of self-awareness. This focused state plays itself out in everyday life. Think of when youâre âin the zone.â Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describes what he calls a âflow state,â and its loss of self-consciousness. âFlow is the mental state of operation in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing, characterized by a feeling of energized focus.â
Picture how your body zones out when youâre engrossed in a movie, or mid-thought. You might stand perfectly still, jaw slackened, pulse rising, so transfixed that you lose track of time and the world around you. You might be so engrossed that youâre lost in thought during a lecture, or you may experience the sense of being âin the zoneâ in a basketball game. Again, a loss of self-awareness.
Fascinating messages, like fascinating people, have the potential to consume us as almost nothing else can, sucking us into a vortex of intensity. Csikszentmihalyi describes this in the addictive nature of flow, and âthe state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter; the experience itself is so enjoyable that people will do it even at great cost, for the sheer sake of doing it.â Moments of fascination can become peak life experiences, calling us forth to engage more fully than at any other time, giving ourselves over to the vividness of complete and total engagement.
So compelling are such fascinations that in the extreme, only a thin line separates fascination from its evil twin: obsession.
When Fascination Becomes Obsession
Most of us at some time lose connection with the world around us in a healthy âflow state.â However, when the connection turns into obsession or compulsion, it causes a severe disconnect with society, and even a disconnect with reality. All fascination creates a momentary connection, but obsessions create an ongoing unhealthy connection. In the grip of obsession we lose control, held hostage to the compulsive behavior. Phobias are one example. Drug addiction is another.
The Fascination Scale of Intensity
All fascinations sit on a spectrum. Some are mild; others, quite intense. Take, for example, organizing a pantry. You might organize the cans and jars in your kitchen pantry without really thinking about it. For someone with OCD, however, those same shelves can become a fixation that defies normal behavior, causing tremendous anxiety and stress. Same behavior (organizing the kitchen pantry), yet with markedly different levels of intensity.
FASCINATION SCALE
Many people get into playing video games on a PS2 or Wii, usually as a way to relax or socialize. For some, however, it becomes more extreme. These players spend days in a room, staring at the screen without break, focusing on nothing but the game. In Japan, this is known as âgeømu otakuâ: an obsessive interest in video games. Same activity, just different levels of intensity and behavior.
Hereâs a way to visualize this spectrum of attraction, ranging from avoidance to compulsion. (This scale is by no means absolute, but helps illustrate ten points upon which any fascination can fall.)
To illustrate this scale, letâs take an example to which we can all relate. (No, not sex, get your mind out of the gutter....