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HEALTHY DEPENDENCY: A FRAMEWORK FOR CHANGE
Ellen and Michael were siblings, but they couldnât have been more different. Ellen was the strong oneâalways in charge, always in control. In high school she had been valedictorian of her class; now, twenty years later, she was president of her own Internet marketing firm, with a staff of thirty and a corner office overlooking midtown Manhattan. Ellenâs business was her life, and everything elseâincluding her marriageâran a distant second. Many things had changed in Ellenâs world during the past twenty years, but two things never changed. Everyone admired Ellen and respected her strength and insight. Yet no one felt they really knew Ellen. They just couldnât get close to herâcouldnât connect.
Ellen understood how much people looked up to her, and she found great satisfaction in this. Still, sometimes late at night, when the day was done and her guard was down, Ellen felt sad, almost empty, as if somehow something was missing. She never revealed these feelings though, even to her husband. Instead, she shoved them away, controlled them, and crushed them through sheer force of will. By the time she hit work the next morning the troubling feelings were gone, and it was the same old Ellen everyone admired: strong, capable, competent, focused, always in control.
Over the years, Michael had gotten used to his sisterâs solitude, but he wished things were different between them. Like Ellen, Michael had a successful career, but for Michael, the main part of work was the people. He spent much of his day wondering what others thought of him, and he devoted an enormous amount of time planning things he might do to impress his supervisor, Mr. Worth. The sad thing was, no matter how much he planned or how much he did, Michael never really felt secureâthe smallest slights would send him into a panic. One time when Mr. Worth walked past him without saying good morning, Michael spent two sleepless nightsâtwoâtossing and turning, obsessing and ruminating, convinced that his boss now hated him.
Things werenât much different at home. Michaelâs wife Kathleen had once remarked that he was more afraid of their daughter than she was of him. Kathleen was right, too. Michael knew it. Most of the time it didnât matter: Kathleen was the âbad cop,â Michael the âgood cop,â and things worked out okay. But two weeks ago when Kathleen was working late, Michael had given in to Kimberlyâs pleas, and he let her stay out past her curfew to visit a friend across town. By the time Kim got back, it was one in the morning, and Michael and Kathleen were convinced something terrible had happenedâthat the car had broken downâŚor worse. Kathleen was furious, Michael was ashamed, and both of them knew something had to change.
What in the World Is Healthy Dependency?
We canât tell you how many times weâve been asked this questionâby students, patients, professional colleagues, science writers, and reportersâŚyou name it. When people first hear it, the term healthy dependency sounds strange. âHealthyâ and âdependencyâ? Those words donât go together. Most of us try to avoid being dependent. Weâd rather be self-reliant and do things on our own. Independence is good, so weâre told; leaning on others for help is bad.
Or is it?
The research findings are clear: Too much dependency in our relationships creates problems, but too little dependency is just as bad. As we strive to make a place for ourselves, to carve out our niche in a challenging world, many of us take self-reliance too far. Like Ellen, we become too independent, and we lose the ability to connect with other people. Or like Michael, we become overwhelmed by the demands of adulthood, and retreat into unhealthy overdependence. This, as weâve seen, has costs as well.
HEALTHY DEPENDENCY
The ability to blend intimacy and autonomy,
lean on others while maintaining a strong
sense of self, and feel good (not guilty)
about asking for help when you need it.
There is a healthy middle ground between rigid independence and unhealthy overdependence. Healthy dependency is the ability to blend intimacy and autonomy, lean on others while maintaining a strong sense of self, and feel good (not guilty) about asking for help when you need it. Healthy dependency means depending on people without becoming dependent on them. It means trusting people enough to open up and be vulnerable, yet having the self-confidence you need to survive those inevitable relationship conflicts that everyone experiences at one time or another.
When you use healthy dependency to connect with those around you, youâll find inner strength you never knew you had. Friendships and love relationships will deepen, parenting and career skills will sharpen, and youâll become physically healthierâand happier, too.
How Does Healthy Dependency Differ From Unhealthy Dependency?
Several years ago, we administered a battery of personality tests and other psychological measures to a group of young adults. We asked them to report on romances, friendships, and family relationships. We inquired about their moods, their beliefs about the future, their overall satisfaction with life, and their willingness to confide in others about lifeâs problems. And we profiled each personâs dependency style as well.
The results of our study were clear: The happiest, most satisfied, most well-adjusted people were those who showed features of healthy dependencyâintimacy balanced with a good dose of autonomy, self-confidence blended with a generous helping of trust. Most important of all, these well-adjusted healthy dependent people had the ability to lean on others for support without feeling guilty, weak, or ashamed.
The bottom line: Thereâs nothing wrong with feeling dependent now and then. Itâs a normal part of life. Problems arise when people lack one or more key healthy dependency skills, and express their normal healthy dependency needs in unhealthy, self-defeating ways. Their relationships become unbalanced and unsatisfying, their lives unfocused and unfulfilling.
By the time you finish this book, youâll be well on your way to mastering the four key healthy dependency skills, and recapturing your healthy dependency. Hereâs what youâll need to do:
⢠Separate what you do from who you are. Everyone needs help sometimes, but in unhealthy dependency, we confuse asking for help with being helpless. Remember: Asking for help is something you do, not something you are. When you can begin to separate the act from the person, it will become easier to ask for help when you need itâand easier to cope if help is denied. We call this connection-based thinking, and it is a critical healthy dependency skill.
⢠Move beyond old stereotypes. Asking for help has tremendous symbolic meaning. We associate help-seeking with insecurity, immaturity, weakness, and failure. When we reach out to others, we literally feel weak (and sometimes guilty and ashamed as well). Healthy dependency involves moving beyond these stereotypes, and creating new, healthier emotional patterns to take their place. As you do this, youâll develop emotional synergy: Youâll feel capable and confident when you lean on other people, so you will draw strength from their support.
⢠Use dependency as a means, not an end. In unhealthy dependency, getting help is an end in itself: Once youâve gotten what you wanted, youâre doneâlifeâs easy. In healthy dependency, help is a route to positive changeâitâs a way of becoming stronger, so next time you can do better. Think of it this way: In unhealthy dependency, we seek help to avoid challenges, but in healthy dependency, we seek help to learn and grow. This is called growth motivationâthe third important healthy dependency skill.
⢠Learn how to ask for help. Healthy dependency means knowing how to ask for help and support, so people feel goodânot trappedâwhen they lend you a hand. Healthy dependency also means knowing when to ask for helpâlearning to identify situations where itâs okay to lean on others and situations where itâs better to go it alone. This skillâcalled relationship flexibilityâwill enable you to bring healthy dependency to all your relationships.
When Healthy Dependency Is Gone, What Takes Its Place?
As weâll see in Chapter 2, many life experiences distort our perceptions of ourselves and other people, and make it difficult to acquire the four key healthy dependency skills. These experiences literally cause us to âdisconnectâ from othersâand sometimes from aspects of ourselves as well.
When people lose touch with their healthy dependency, they usually develop one of two self-defeating relationship styles. Some people (like Michael) develop a relationship style characterized by fearfulness and insecurityâa style known as destructive overdependence. Other people (like Ellen) go the opposite way and develop a defensive, closed-off style known as dysfunctional detachment.
dp n="23" folio="22" ? THE FOUR KEY HEALTHY DEPENDENCY SKILLS
Connection-Based Thinking, Emotional Synergy, Growth Motivation, and Relationship Flexibilityâthese are the building-blocks of healthy dependency.
As you might guess, people express destructive overdependence and dysfunctional detachment in many different ways (weâll discuss these in detail in Chapter 2). For now, letâs look at the core features of these self-defeating relationship styles.
Destructive Overdependence: The Suction-Cup Relationship Style
We call destructive overdependence the Suction-Cup Relationship Style because overdependent people cling to others as a way of avoiding lifeâs challenges. Overdependent people see themselves as weak and vulnerable, and believe that without a strong protector, they wonât survive. Their greatest fear is that theyâll be abandoned and left t...